Mammary-derived signals activate programmed cell death during the first stage of mammary gland involution
Minglin Li,Xiuwen Liu,Gertraud W. Robinson,Ud Bar-Peled,Kay Uwe Wagner,W. Scott Young,Lothar Hennighausen,Priscilla A. Furth +7 more
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that genetic events that occur during the first reversible stage of mammary gland involution are controlled by local factors and mammary-derived death signals are dominant over protective effects related to systemic hormone stimulation.Abstract:
Programmed cell death (PCD) of mammary alveolar cells during involution commences within hours of the end of suckling. Locally, milk accumulates within alveolar lumens; systemically, levels of lactogenic hormones fall. Four experimental models were used to define the role of local factors as compared with systemic hormones during the first and second stages of involution. In three models, milk release was disrupted in the presence of systemic lactogenic hormones: (i) sealing of the teats, (ii) mammary gland transplants that cannot release milk due to the absence of a teat connection, and (iii) inactivation of the oxytocin gene. The ability of systemic hormones to preserve lobular-alveolar structure without blocking PCD was illustrated using a fourth transgenic model of lactation failure. During the first stage of involution, local signals were sufficient to induce alveolar PCD even in the presence of systemic lactogenic hormones. PCD coincided with bax induction, decreased expression of milk proteins, block of prolactin signal transduction through Stat5a and 5b, and activation of Stat3. The two stages of mammary gland involution are regulated by progressive gain of death signals and loss of survival factors. This study demonstrates that genetic events that occur during the first reversible stage are controlled by local factors. These mammary-derived death signals are dominant over protective effects related to systemic hormone stimulation.read more
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Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction
TL;DR: A new method of total RNA isolation by a single extraction with an acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform mixture is described, providing a pure preparation of undegraded RNA in high yield and can be completed within 4 h.
Journal Article
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TL;DR: In this article, Boudreau et al. proposed a method for suppressing ICE and apoptosis in Mammary Epithelial Cells by Extracellular Matrix (EMM).
Journal ArticleDOI
Stat5a is mandatory for adult mammary gland development and lactogenesis.
Xiuwen Liu,Gertraud W. Robinson,Kay Uwe Wagner,Lisa Garrett,Anthony Wynshaw-Boris,Lothar Hennighausen +5 more
TL;DR: It is document that Stat5a is the principal and an obligate mediator of mammopoietic and lactogenic signaling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suppression of ICE and apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells by extracellular matrix
TL;DR: Basement membrane extracellular matrix (ECM), but not fibronectin or collagen, was shown to suppress apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells in tissue culture and in vivo as mentioned in this paper.
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Mammary gland factor (MGF) is a novel member of the cytokine regulated transcription factor gene family and confers the prolactin response
TL;DR: The mammary gland factor, MGF, has been shown to be a central mediator in the lactogenic hormone response and the DNA binding activity of MGF is hormonally regulated and essential for beta‐casein promoter activity.