Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanically induced chemiluminescence from polymers incorporating a 1,2-dioxetane unit in the main chain
Yulan Chen,A. J. H. Spiering,S Karthikeyan,Gerrit W. M. Peters,E. W. Meijer,Rint P. Sijbesma +5 more
TLDR
It is shown that bis(adamantyl)-1,2-dioxetane emits visible light when force is applied to a polymer chain or network in which this unit is incorporated.Abstract:
Nature uses mechanochemical transduction processes to achieve diverse and vital functions, such as hearing, cellular adhesion and gating of ion channels. One fascinating example of biological mechanotransduction is the emission of light on mechanical stimulation. However, molecular-level transduction of force into luminescence in a synthetic system remains a challenge. Here, we show that bis(adamantyl)-1,2-dioxetane emits visible light when force is applied to a polymer chain or network in which this unit is incorporated. Bright-blue luminescence was observed on sonication of solutions of dioxetane-containing linear polymers and on the straining of polymer networks with dioxetane crosslinkers. Light is emitted from the adamantanone-excited state that forms on opening of the four-membered dioxetane ring. Increased sensitivity and colour tuning were achieved by energy transfer to suitable acceptors. High spatial and temporal resolutions highlight the potential to study the failure of polymeric materials in unprecedented detail.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Toughening Elastomers with Sacrificial Bonds and Watching Them Break
Etienne Ducrot,Yulan Chen,Markus Johannes Henricus Bulters,Rint P. Sijbesma,Costantino Creton,Costantino Creton,Costantino Creton +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a variable proportion of isotropically prestretched chains that can break and dissipate energy before the material fails is introduced to increase the stiffness and toughness of brittle elastomers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanoresponsive Luminescent Molecular Assemblies: An Emerging Class of Materials
TL;DR: The possibility to change the molecular assembled structures of organic and organometallic materials through mechanical stimulation is emerging as a general and powerful concept for the design of functional materials, enabling the development of molecular materials with mechanoresponsive luminescence characteristics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polymer Mechanochemistry: From Destructive to Productive
TL;DR: This Account offers a first-hand perspective of the change-in-thinking in polymer mechanochemistry from "destructive" to "productive" and looks at future advances that will stimulate this growing field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dye-containing polymers: methods for preparation of mechanochromic materials
TL;DR: The simplicity of the preparative routes available, and their influence over the properties of the resulting dye-polymer systems, are reviewed, by focussing on the most illustrative examples described in the literature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent progress in the mechanochromism of phosphorescent organic molecules and metal complexes
TL;DR: In this paper, the recent progress in the phosphorescent mechanochromic materials, including pure organic molecules and metal complexes, are highlighted and some critical concepts of molecular design for mechanoresponsive phosphorescent materials are also presented.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Force-induced activation of covalent bonds in mechanoresponsive polymeric materials
Douglas A. Davis,Andrew Hamilton,Jinglei Yang,Jinglei Yang,Lee D. Cremar,Dara Van. Gough,Stephanie L. Potisek,Mitchell T. Ong,Paul V. Braun,Todd J. Martínez,Todd J. Martínez,Scott R. White,Jeffrey S. Moore,Nancy R. Sottos +13 more
TL;DR: It is found that pronounced changes in colour and fluorescence emerge with the accumulation of plastic deformation, indicating that in these polymeric materials the transduction of mechanical force into the ring-opening reaction is an activated process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanically-induced chemical changes in polymeric materials
Mary M. Caruso,Douglas A. Davis,Qilong Shen,Susan A. Odom,Nancy R. Sottos,Scott R. White,Jeffrey S. Moore +6 more
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to broadly survey the mechanical to chemical relationships between synthetic polymers, and to consider the I-O relationship as an energy transduction process for designing stimuli-responsive materials.
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Mechanochemistry: the mechanical activation of covalent bonds.
TL;DR: A survey of the classical works in mechanochemistry is given and the key mechanochemical phenomena into perspective with recent results from atomic force microscopy and quantum molecular dynamics simulations are put into perspective.
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Ultrafast synthesis of ultrahigh molar mass polymers by metal-catalyzed living radical polymerization of acrylates, methacrylates, and vinyl chloride mediated by SET at 25 degrees C.
Virgil Percec,Tamaz Guliashvili,Janine S. Ladislaw,Anna Finne Wistrand,Anna Stjerndahl,Monika J. Sienkowska,Michael J. Monteiro,Sangrama Sahoo +7 more
TL;DR: It is reported that polarsolvents such as H(2)O, alcohols, dipolar aprotic solvents, ethylene and propylene carbonate, and ionic liquids instantaneously disproportionate Cu(I)X into Cu(0) and Cu(II)X(2), facilitating an ultrafast LRP in which the free radicals are generated by the nascent and extremely reactive Cu( 0) atomic species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanically Activated Integrin Switch Controls α5β1 Function
TL;DR: It is shown that α5β1 integrin switches between relaxed and tensioned states in response to myosin II–generated cytoskeletal force, which connects cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix mechanics to adhesion-dependent motility and signaling pathways.