Mechanisms of biochar decreasing methane emission from Chinese paddy soils

TLDR: In this article, the authors studied CH 4 emission, methanogenic archaeal, as well as methanotrophic proteobacterial communities, from microcosms derived from two paddy soils, Inceptisol and Ultisol.

Abstract: Paddy fields are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of global CH 4 emission. A decrease in paddy CH 4 emission can contribute significantly towards the control of global warming. Recent studies have demonstrated that the application of biochar in paddy soils has such a capability, but its underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. In this investigation, we studied CH 4 emission, methanogenic archaeal, as well as methanotrophic proteobacterial communities, from microcosms derived from two paddy soils, Inceptisol and Ultisol. Both soils were amended with biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C) at field condition. The soil CH 4 flux was monitored across whole rice season in 2010; the functional guilds communities were analyzed by PCR–DGGE and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). It is found that paddy CH 4 emissions significantly decreased under biochar amendments, which, interestingly, didn't result from the inhibition of methanogenic archaeal growth. qPCR further revealed that biochar amendments (1) increased methanotrophic proteobacterial abundances significantly, and (2) decreased the ratios of methanogenic to methanotrophic abundances greatly. These results shed insight on the underlying mechanism of how biochar decreases paddy CH 4 emission. This knowledge can be applied to develop a more effective greenhouse gas mitigation process for paddy fields.