Bio-energy in the black
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TLDR
The precise half-life of biochar is still disputed, and this will have important implications for the value of the technology, particularly in carbon trading as mentioned in this paper, and it is not clear under what conditions, and over what period of time, biochar develops its adsorbing properties.Abstract:
At best, common renewable energy strategies can only offset fossil fuel emissions of CO2 – they cannot reverse climate change. One promising approach to lowering CO2 in the atmosphere while producing energy is biochar bio-energy, based on low-temperature pyrolysis. This technology relies on capturing the off-gases from thermal decomposition of wood or grasses to produce heat, electricity, or biofuels. Biochar is a major by-product of this pyrolysis, and has remarkable environmental properties. In soil, biochar was shown to persist longer and to retain cations better than other forms of soil organic matter. The precise half-life of biochar is still disputed, however, and this will have important implications for the value of the technology, particularly in carbon trading. Furthermore, the cation retention of fresh biochar is relatively low compared to aged biochar in soil, and it is not clear under what conditions, and over what period of time, biochar develops its adsorbing properties. Research is still n...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biochar effects on soil biota – A review
Johannes Lehmann,Matthias C. Rillig,Janice E. Thies,Caroline A. Masiello,William C. Hockaday,David E. Crowley +5 more
TL;DR: A review of the literature reveals a significant number of early studies on biochar-type materials as soil amendments either for managing pathogens, as inoculant carriers or for manipulative experiments to sorb signaling compounds or toxins as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar)
TL;DR: A molecular-level assessment of the physical organization and chemical complexity of biomass-derived chars and, specifically, that of aromatic carbon in char structures suggests the existence of four distinct categories of char consisting of a unique mixture of chemical phases and physical states.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility
L. Van Zwieten,Stephen Kimber,Stephen Morris,K. Y. Chan,Adriana Downie,J. Rust,Stephen Joseph,Annette Cowie +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a glasshouse study of two agricultural soils with two biochars derived from the slow pyrolysis of papermill waste was assessed in a glass house study.
Journal ArticleDOI
The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures
TL;DR: The forms of alkalis of the biochars produced from the straws of canola, corn, soybean and peanut at different temperatures (300, 500 and 700°C) were studied by means of oxygen-limited pyrolysis and it was suggested that carbonates were the major alkaline components in theBiochars generated at the high temperature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: a comparative review of the chemistry, processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis
Judy A. Libra,Kyoung S. Ro,Claudia Kammann,Axel Funke,Nicole D. Berge,York Neubauer,Maria-Magdalena Titirici,Christoph Fühner,Oliver Bens,Jürgen Kern,Karl-Heinz Emmerich +10 more
TL;DR: The wet pyrolysis process, also known as hydrothermal carbonization, opens up the field of potential feedstocks for char production to a range of nontraditional renewable and plentiful wet agricultural residues and municipal wastes as discussed by the authors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Overview of Applications of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed scientific and technical developments in applications of bio-oil to date and concluded with some suggestions for research and strategic developments, and concluded that biooil is a renewable liquid fuel and can also be used for production of chemicals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems - a review
TL;DR: The application of bio-char (charcoal or biomass-derived black carbon (C)) to soil is pro- posed as a novel approach to establish a significant, long-term, sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal – a review
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the available information about the physical and chemical properties of charcoal as affected by different combustion procedures, and the effects of its application in agricultural fields on nutrient retention and crop production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Black Carbon Increases Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils
Biqing Liang,Johannes Lehmann,Dawit Solomon,James Kinyangi,Julie M. Grossman,B. O'Neill,Jan O. Skjemstad,Janice E. Thies,Flávio J. Luizão,James B. Petersen,Eduardo Góes Neves +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the source of the higher surface charge of BC compared with non-BC by mapping crosssectional areas of BC particles with diameters of 10 to 50 mm for C forms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments
Johannes Lehmann,Jose Pereira da Silva,Christoph Steiner,Thomas Nehls,Wolfgang Zech,Bruno Glaser +5 more
TL;DR: In the first experiment, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) was planted in pots, while in the second experiment lysimeters were used to quantify water and nutrient leaching from soil cropped to rice (Oryza sativa L) as discussed by the authors.