Mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma progression.
Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi,Trisheena Harricharran,Jeannette Huaman,Anna Galuza,Oluwatoyin Odumuwagun,Yin Tan,Grace X. Ma,Minhhuyen Nguyen +7 more
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TLDR
This review provides a summary of some of the known mechanisms that either cause HCC or contribute to its progression and discusses the roles of viral hepatitis, non-viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol intake, genetic predisposition and congenital abnormalities, toxic exposures, and autoimmune diseases of the liver.Abstract:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a very poor prognosis. In the United States, there has been only minimal improvement in the prognosis for HCC patients over the past 15 years. Details of the molecular mechanisms and other mechanisms of HCC progression remain unclear. Consequently, there is an urgent need for better understanding of these mechanisms. HCC is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and most patients will therefore need systemic therapy, with sorafenib being the most common at the present time. However, sorafenib therapy only minimally enhances patient survival. This review provides a summary of some of the known mechanisms that either cause HCC or contribute to its progression. Included in this review are the roles of viral hepatitis, non-viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol intake, genetic predisposition and congenital abnormalities, toxic exposures, and autoimmune diseases of the liver. Well-established molecular mechanisms of HCC progression such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor-stromal interactions and the tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells, and senescence bypass are also discussed. Additionally, we discuss the roles of circulating tumor cells, immunomodulation, and neural regulation as potential new mechanisms of HCC progression. A better understanding of these mechanisms could have implications for the development of novel and more effective therapeutic and prognostic strategies, which are critically needed.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Epidemiology, etiology and molecular classification.
TL;DR: This review examines the results of efforts in classifying HCC at the molecular, metabolic and immunologic levels and the ways they can be leveraged to develop targeted treatment options for HCC.
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Roles of METTL3 in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic targeting
TL;DR: The well-documented protein structure of the METTL3/METTL14 heterodimer provides the basis for potential therapeutic targeting, which is discussed in this review.
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Circ_0001955 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis by sponging miR-516a-5p to release TRAF6 and MAPK11
TL;DR: It is revealed that circ_0001955, TRAF6 and MAPK11 levels were increased, while miR-516a-5p levels were decreased in HCC tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues.
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New insights into the pharmacological, immunological, and CAR-T-cell approaches in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Michele Dal Bo,Elena De Mattia,Lorena Baboci,Silvia Mezzalira,Erika Cecchin,Yehuda G. Assaraf,Giuseppe Toffoli +6 more
TL;DR: Novel immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC treatment, including the use of ICIs and CAR-T, as well as strategies to overcome drug resistance, are discussed.
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MicroRNA let-7 and viral infections: focus on mechanisms of action
A. Letafati,Sajad Varmaziar Najafi,Mehran Mottahedi,Mohammad Karimzadeh,Ali Shahini,Setareh Garousi,Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli,Javid Sadri Nahand,Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh,Michael R. Hamblin,Neda Rahimian,Mohammad Taghizadieh,Hamed Mirzaei +12 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors summarize the available knowledge concerning the expression of let-7 family members, functions, target genes, and mechanistic involvement in viral pathogenesis and host defense.
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