Journal ArticleDOI
Micro-plate colourimetric assay for Endo -acting cellulase, xylanase, chitinase, 1,3-β-glucanase and amylase extracted from forest soil horizons
S.J. Wirth,G.A. Wolf +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, a new approach, based on the application of soluble, dye-labeling and acid-precipitable polysaccharide derivatives, is introduced for the sensitive assay of poly-charide endo-hydrolases extracted from soil.Abstract:
A new approach, based on the application of soluble, dye-labelled and acid-precipitable polysaccharide derivatives, is introduced for the sensitive assay of polysaccharide endo-hydrolases extracted from soil. An extraction procedure involving sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer (pH 5, 0.5M; 5ml g−1 soil) and an assay system adapted to microtitre plates were developed for routine determinations of endo -acting cellulase, xylanase, chitinase, 1,3-β-glucanase and amylase activities. An Acid Brown Earth under a mature beech forest (Fagus sylvatica L., humusform: typical Moder) was studied with respect to distinct, clearly-developed soil horizons (L, F, H, Ahh, Aeh). Enzymes purified by (NH4)2SO4-precipitation and dialysis were assayed for pH and temperature activity profiles. pH optima were determined in the range of 4.5–5.5, temperature optima were in the range of 40–55°C, revealing stable and fairly similar characteristics of these enzymes in the horizons under study. In routine investigations, highest enzyme activities were determined in the L and F horizons. Significantly decreasing activities with increasing soil depth and decreasing organic matter content were determined in the H, Ahh and Aeh horizons, respectively. Cellulase, xylanase and chitinase activities were highly correlated with total-C content of the soil horizons under study 0.871 ⩽r2⩽ 0.954).read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Outlook for cellulase improvement: screening and selection strategies.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review quantitative cellulase activity assays using soluble and insoluble substrates, and focus on their advantages and limitations, and hypothesize that continuous culture using insoluble cellulosic substrates could be a powerful selection tool for enriching beneficial cellulase mutants from the large library displayed on the cell surface.
Journal ArticleDOI
A microplate fluorimetric assay for the study of enzyme diversity in soils
TL;DR: A comparative study was carried out between the new microplate fluorimetric assay and a standard colorimetric enzyme assay based on p-nitrophenyl substrates, and the kinetics of β-glucosidase and phosphatase activities were investigated in soils with different fertilizer backgrounds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity: A review
TL;DR: This review examines selected papers containing soil enzyme data that could be used to distinguish enzyme sources and substrate specificity, at scales within and between major nutrient cycles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laminarin elicits defense responses in grapevine and induces protection against Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola
Aziz Aziz,Benoît Poinssot,Xavier Daire,Marielle Adrian,Annie Bézier,Bernard Lambert,Jean-Marie Joubert,Alain Pugin +7 more
TL;DR: The data describing a large set of defense reactions in grapevine indicate that the activation of defense responses using elicitors could be a valuable strategy to protect plants against pathogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emerging tools for measuring and modeling the in situ activity of soil extracellular enzymes
TL;DR: A comprehensive approach to measuring in situ activity and elucidating the regulation of enzyme production and stabilization is required to advance the understanding of the biochemistry of decomposition.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding
TL;DR: This assay is very reproducible and rapid with the dye binding process virtually complete in approximately 2 min with good color stability for 1 hr with little or no interference from cations such as sodium or potassium nor from carbohydrates such as sucrose.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzyme activity in soil: Location and a possible role in microbial ecology
TL;DR: It appears that some mechanism of association with the humic polymer offers the best form of protection, yet permits the retention of enzyme activity, and the mere adsorption of enzymes to soil surfaces does not guarantee subsequent activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiplicity of beta-1,4-xylanase in microorganisms: functions and applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xylanase-, CM-cellulase- and invertase activity in soil: An improved method
Franz Schinner,W. von Mersi +1 more
TL;DR: Investigations confirm the high stability of the soil enzyme cellulase, and further the high correlation of this enzyme, and of the xylanase, with the humus content of 7 different soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
An enzymic approach to the analysis of microbial activity during plant litter decomposition
TL;DR: Applied in combination with general indices of microbial biomass and activity, taxonomic analyses and process rate measurements, enzyme assays offer a mechanistic approach to decomposition studies, and the role of cellulase is discussed and a conceptual model of plant litter degradation from an enzymic perspective is proposed.
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