Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments.
TLDR
The large majority of antibiotics currently used for treating infections and the antibiotic resistance genes acquired by human pathogens each have an environmental origin and the function of these elements in their environmental reservoirs may be very distinct from the “weapon-shield” role they play in clinical settings.Abstract:
The large majority of antibiotics currently used for treating infections and the antibiotic resistance genes acquired by human pathogens each have an environmental origin. Recent work indicates that the function of these elements in their environmental reservoirs may be very distinct from the "weapon-shield" role they play in clinical settings. Changes in natural ecosystems, including the release of large amounts of antimicrobials, might alter the population dynamics of microorganisms, including selection of resistance, with consequences for human health that are difficult to predict.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Natural Antibiotic Resistance and Contamination by Antibiotic Resistance Determinants: The Two Ages in the Evolution of Resistance to Antimicrobials
TL;DR: The study of antibiotic resistance has been historically concentrated on the analysis of bacterial pathogens and on the consequences of acquiring resistance for human health, but the studies on antibiotic resistance should not be confined to clinical-associated ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental pollution by antibiotics and by antibiotic resistance determinants
TL;DR: The impact that pollution by antibiotics or by antibiotic resistance genes may have for both human health and for the evolution of environmental microbial populations is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tackling antibiotic resistance: the environmental framework
Thomas U. Berendonk,Célia M. Manaia,Christophe Merlin,Despo Fatta-Kassinos,Eddie Cytryn,Fiona Walsh,Helmut Bürgmann,Henning Sørum,Madelaine Norström,Marie-Noëlle Pons,Norbert Kreuzinger,Pentti Huovinen,Stefania Stefani,Thomas Schwartz,Veljo Kisand,Fernando Baquero,José L. Martínez +16 more
TL;DR: The main knowledge gaps, the future research needs and the policy and management options that should be prioritized to tackle antibiotic resistance in the environment are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selection of resistant bacteria at very low antibiotic concentrations.
Erik Gullberg,Sha Cao,Otto G. Berg,Carolina Ilbäck,Linus Sandegren,Diarmaid Hughes,Dan I. Andersson +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the low antibiotic concentrations found in many natural environments are important for enrichment and maintenance of resistance in bacterial populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The shared antibiotic resistome of soil bacteria and human pathogens
Kevin J. Forsberg,Alejandro Reyes,Bin Wang,Elizabeth M. Selleck,Morten Otto Alexander Sommer,Morten Otto Alexander Sommer,Gautam Dantas +6 more
TL;DR: Multidrug-resistant soil bacteria containing resistance cassettes against five classes of antibiotics are described that have perfect nucleotide identity to genes from diverse human pathogens, offering not only evidence of lateral exchange but also a mechanism by which antibiotic resistance disseminates.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment
TL;DR: Global efforts are needed to promote more judicious use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture as accumulating evidence indicates that unrestricted use is detrimental to fish, terrestrial animals, and human health and the environment.
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Inactivation of antibiotics and the dissemination of resistance genes.
TL;DR: Although bacterial conjugation once was believed to be restricted in host range, it now appears that this mechanism of transfer permits genetic exchange between many different bacterial genera in nature.
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Sampling the Antibiotic Resistome
TL;DR: This work has shown that soil-dwelling bacteria are a reservoir of resistance determinants that can be mobilized into the microbial community, and study of this reservoir could provide an early warning system for future clinically relevant antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
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Multidrug-resistance efflux pumps ? not just for resistance
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that multidrug-resistance efflux pumps have roles in bacterial pathogenicity and it is proposed that these pumps therefore have greater clinical relevance than is usually attributed to them.
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Quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid
TL;DR: Although resistance was low in wild-type strains, higher levels of quinolone resistance arose readily by mutation, suggesting that a multiresistance plasmid can speed the development and spread of resistance to these valuable antimicrobial agents.