Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria
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TLDR
This review discusses the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in both types of resistance in bacteria.Abstract:
Large amounts of antibiotics used for human therapy, as well as for farm animals and even for fish in aquaculture, resulted in the selection of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple drugs. Multidrug resistance in bacteria may be generated by one of two mechanisms. First, these bacteria may accumulate multiple genes, each coding for resistance to a single drug, within a single cell. This accumulation occurs typically on resistance (R) plasmids. Second, multidrug resistance may also occur by the increased expression of genes that code for multidrug efflux pumps, extruding a wide range of drugs. This review discusses our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in both types of resistance.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.
TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of the mechanisms by which bacteria are either intrinsically resistant or acquire resistance to antibiotics are reviewed, including the prevention of access to drug targets, changes in the structure and protection of antibiotic targets and the direct modification or inactivation of antibiotics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic resistance and its cost: is it possible to reverse resistance?
Dan I. Andersson,Diarmaid Hughes +1 more
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the fitness costs of resistance will allow susceptible bacteria to outcompete resistant bacteria if the selective pressure from antibiotics is reduced, and that the rate of reversibility will be slow at the community level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria: an update.
Xian-Zhi Li,Hiroshi Nikaido +1 more
TL;DR: The multifaceted implications of drug efflux transporters warrant novel strategies to combat multidrug resistance in bacteria.
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Chemical use in salmon aquaculture: A review of current practices and possible environmental effects
TL;DR: The World Wildlife Fund is facilitating a dialogue on impacts of salmon Aquaculture to establish the state of knowledge in seven subject areas associated with the industry: benthic impacts, nutrient loading, escapees, chemical inputs, diseases, feeds and social issues and to establish international standards for salmon aquaculture practices.
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Antimicrobial use in aquaculture re‐examined: its relevance to antimicrobial resistance and to animal and human health
Felipe C. Cabello,Henry P. Godfrey,Alexandra Tomova,Larisa Ivanova,Humberto Dölz,Ana R. Millanao,Alejandro H. Buschmann +6 more
TL;DR: Excessive use of antimicrobials in aquaculture can potentially negatively impact animal and human health as well as the aquatic environment and should be better assessed and regulated.
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