Journal ArticleDOI
Nanomaterials of high surface energy with exceptional properties in catalysis and energy storage
TLDR
This critical review presents a review of the progress made for producing shape-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials of high surface energy using electrochemical and wet chemistry techniques and discusses important nanommaterials such as nanocrystal catalysts based on Pt, Pd, Au and Fe, metal oxides TiO(2) and SnO( 2), as well as lithium Mn-richMetal oxides.Abstract:
The properties of nanomaterials for use in catalytic and energy storage applications strongly depends on the nature of their surfaces. Nanocrystals with high surface energy have an open surface structure and possess a high density of low-coordinated step and kink atoms. Possession of such features can lead to exceptional catalytic properties. The current barrier for widespread industrial use is found in the difficulty to synthesise nanocrystals with high-energy surfaces. In this critical review we present a review of the progress made for producing shape-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials of high surface energy using electrochemical and wet chemistry techniques. Important nanomaterials such as nanocrystal catalysts based on Pt, Pd, Au and Fe, metal oxides TiO2 and SnO2, as well as lithium Mn-rich metal oxides are covered. Emphasis of current applications in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, gas sensor and lithium ion batteries are extensively discussed. Finally, a future synopsis about emerging applications is given (139 references).read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Metal Catalysts for Heterogeneous Catalysis: From Single Atoms to Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles.
Lichen Liu,Avelino Corma +1 more
TL;DR: This Review will compare the results obtained from different systems and try to give a picture on how different types of metal species work in different reactions and give perspectives on the future directions toward better understanding of the catalytic behavior of different metal entities in a unifying manner.
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Metal Oxides and Oxysalts as Anode Materials for Li Ion Batteries
Journal ArticleDOI
Metal–air batteries: from oxygen reduction electrochemistry to cathode catalysts
Fangyi Cheng,Jun Chen +1 more
TL;DR: The battery electrochemistry and catalytic mechanism of oxygen reduction reactions are discussed on the basis of aqueous and organic electrolytes, and the design and optimization of air-electrode structure are outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxygen electrocatalysts in metal–air batteries: from aqueous to nonaqueous electrolytes
TL;DR: This review focuses on the major obstacle of sluggish kinetics of the cathode in both batteries, and summary the fundamentals and recent advances related to the oxygen catalyst materials, and several future research directions are proposed based on the results achieved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global life cycle releases of engineered nanomaterials
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combined market information and material flow modeling to produce the first global assessment of the likely ENM emissions to the environment and landfills, estimating that 63-91% of over 260,000-309,000 metric tons of global ENM production in 2010 ended up in landfill, with the balance released into soils, water bodies, and atmosphere.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electron Microscopy Study of the LiFePO4 to FePO4 Phase Transition
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanism by which LiFePO 4 is transformed into isostructural FePO 4 has been elucidated using electron microscopy on large, hydrothermally grown LiFe PO 4 crystals following chemical delithiation.
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Synthesis and mechanistic study of palladium nanobars and nanorods.
TL;DR: It is found that one-dimensional growth could be induced and maintained through an interplay of the following processes: speedy reduction of the precursor to ensure prompt addition of atoms to the seed; chemisorption of bromide on the seed to promote the formation of {100} and {110} facets.
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Complementary structure sensitive and insensitive catalytic relationships.
TL;DR: In this paper, a molecular theory of the structure sensitivity of catalytic reactions based on the computed activation energies of corresponding elementary reaction steps on transition metal surfaces is proposed, which can be used to model particle-dependent reactivity changes in heterogeneous catalytic systems.
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Pt Nanocubes and Their Enhanced Catalysis for Oxygen Reduction
TL;DR: The monodisperse 8 nm Pt nanocubes show an enhanced catalysis toward oxygen reduction, and their specific activity is over twice as high as that from the commercial Pt nanoparticles.
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Pt nanocrystals: shape control and Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer formation.
TL;DR: It is found that addition of silver ion enhances the crystal growth rate along 100, and essentially determines the shape and surface structure of the Pt nanocrystals.