Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropsychological test performance, cognitive functioning, blood pressure, and age: The framingham heart study
TLDR
The Age x Blood Pressure model as it pertains to older adults was not supported, but independent associations (with all covariables controlled) between the indices of blood pressure and cognitive functioning were statistically significant.Abstract:
Interactions of three indices of blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and chronicity of hypertension) and age-cohort membership were examined for a sample of 1,695 stroke-free participants of the Framingham Heart Study, ages 55-88 years. Blood pressure level and chronicity of hypertension were assessed over five biennial examinations performed between 1956 and 1964, a time when few hypertensives were being treated, and were related to neuropsychological tests administered between 1976 and 1978. Multiple linear regression methods were used to examine Age x Blood Pressure (or Chronicity of Hypertension) interactions in alternative analyses involving three age groups (55-64 years, 65-74 years, and 75-88 years) and age as a continuously distributed variable (age in years). Interactions were either statistically nonsignificant or trivial with respect to magnitude of effect. This was true when interaction terms (Age x Blood Pressure Level or Age x Chronicity of Hypertension) were controlled for blood pressure, age, education, occupation, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, gender, and antihypertensive treatment. The Age x Blood Pressure model as it pertains to older adults was not supported, but independent associations (with all covariables controlled) between the indices of blood pressure and cognitive functioning were statistically significant.read more
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Vascular Cognitive Impairment
John T. O'Brien,Timo Erkinjuntti,Barry Reisberg,Gustavo C. Román,Tohru Sawada,Leonardo Pantoni,John V. Bowler,Clive Ballard,Charles DeCarli,Philip B. Gorelick,Kenneth Rockwood,Alistair Burns,Serge Gauthier,Steven T. DeKosky +13 more
TL;DR: Findings from 5 large, randomized studies of the symptomatic treatment of probable and possible vascular dementia indicate that the presence of a cholinergic deficit is not required for the anticholinesterases to produce cognitive improvement, and so the cholin allergic hypothesis is neither necessary nor sufficient to explain the effects of these drugs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive aging: Evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging.
TL;DR: The results indicate that shrinkage of the prefrontal cortex mediates age-related increases in perseveration, and the volume of visual processing areas predicted performance on nonverbal working memory tasks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dementia and Alzheimer's disease incidence in relationship to cardiovascular disease in the cardiovascular health study cohort
Anne B. Newman,Annette L. Fitzpatrick,Oscar L. Lopez,Sharon A. Jackson,Constantine G. Lyketsos,William J. Jagust,William J. Jagust,Diane G. Ives,Steven T. DeKosky,Lewis H. Kuller +9 more
TL;DR: The objective is to determine whether coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, or noninvasive markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) predict the onset of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Hypertension on Cognitive Function: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Costantino Iadecola,Kristine Yaffe,José Biller,Lisa C. Bratzke,Frank M. Faraci,Philip B. Gorelick,Martha Gulati,Hooman Kamel,David S. Knopman,Lenore J. Launer,Jane S. Saczynski,Sudha Seshadri,Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri +12 more
TL;DR: Judicious treatment of hypertension, taking into account goals of care and individual characteristics (eg, age and comorbidities), seems justified to safeguard vascular health and, as a consequence, brain health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of midlife blood pressure to late-life cognitive decline and brain morphology
Gary E. Swan,Charles DeCarli,Bruce L. Miller,Terry Reed,Philip A. Wolf,Lisa M. Jack,Dorit Carmelli +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that the long-term impact of elevated SBP on decline in late-life neurobehavioral functioning is likely to be mediated through its chronic, negative effect on structural characteristics of the brain.
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare two straight line regression models and conclude that the Straight Line Regression Equation does not measure the strength of the Straight-line Relationship, but instead is a measure of the relationship between two straight lines.
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A growth curve approach to the measurement of change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiologic Assessment of the Role of Blood Pressure in Stroke: The Framingham Study
TL;DR: Control of hypertension, labile or fixed, systolic or diastolic, at any age, in either sex appears to be central to prevention of atherothrombotic brain infarction (ABI).
Journal ArticleDOI
Untreated Blood Pressure Level Is Inversely Related to Cognitive Functioning: The Framingham Study
TL;DR: Blood pressure levels and chronicity of hypertension were inversely related to the composite score and measures of attention and memory, and Hypertension-associated pathogenic processes may cause mild cognitive impairment.