Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen oxides in the troposphere: Global and regional budgets
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The cycle of nitrogen oxides in the troposphere from both global and regional perspectives is discussed in this article, where estimates for the rate of removal of NOx based on recent atmospheric and precipitation chemistry data are consistent with global source strengths derived here.Abstract:
The cycle of nitrogen oxides in the troposphere is discussed from both global and regional perspectives. Global sources for NO(x) are estimated to be of magnitude 50 (+ or - 25) x 10 to the 12th gm N/yr. Nitrogen oxides are derived from combustion of fossil fuels (40 percent) and biomass burning (25 percent) with the balance from lightning and microbial activity in soils. Estimates for the rate of removal of NOx based on recent atmospheric and precipitation chemistry data are consistent with global source strengths derived here. Industrial and agricultural activities provide approximately two thirds of the global source for NOx. In North America, sources from combustion of fossil fuels exceed natural sources by a factor of 3-13. Wet deposition removes about one third of the combustion source of NOx over North America, while dry deposition removes a similar amount. The balance is exported from the continent. Deposition of nitrate in precipitation over eastern Canada and the western Atlantic is clearly influenced by sources of NOx in the eastern United States.read more
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The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database
Laurence S. Rothman,Iouli E. Gordon,Yurii L. Babikov,A. Barbe,D. Chris Benner,Peter F. Bernath,Manfred Birk,Luca Bizzocchi,Vincent Boudon,Linda R. Brown,Alain Campargue,Kelly Chance,Edward A. Cohen,L. H. Coudert,V. M. Devi,Brian J. Drouin,André Fayt,Jean-Marie Flaud,Robert R. Gamache,Jeremy J. Harrison,Jean-Michel Hartmann,Christian Hill,Joseph T. Hodges,D. Jacquemart,Antoine Jolly,Julien Lamouroux,R. J. Le Roy,Gang Li,David A. Long,O.M. Lyulin,C.J. Mackie,Steven T. Massie,Semen Mikhailenko,Holger S. P. Müller,Olga V. Naumenko,Andrei Nikitin,Johannes Orphal,V.I. Perevalov,Agnes Perrin,E. R. Polovtseva,Charlotte Richard,Mary Ann H. Smith,Evgeniya Starikova,Keeyoon Sung,S.A. Tashkun,Jonathan Tennyson,Geoff Toon,Vl.G. Tyuterev,G. Wagner +48 more
TL;DR: The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, added line-shape formalisms, and validity, and molecules, isotopologues, and perturbing gases have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean
Robert A. Duce,Peter S. Liss,John T. Merrill,Elliot Atlas,Patrick Buat-Ménard,B. B. Hicks,John M. Miller,Joseph M. Prospero,Richard Arimoto,Thomas M. Church,W. G. Ellis,James N. Galloway,LeRoy Hansen,Tim Jickells,Anthony H. Knap,K. H. Reinhardt,B. Schneider,A. Soudine,J. J. Tokos,S. Tsunogai,R. Wollast,M. Y. Zhou +21 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess current data in this area, develop global scale estimates of the atmospheric fluxes of trace elements, mineral aerosol, nitrogen species, and synthetic organic compounds to the ocean; and compare the atmospheric input rates of these substances to their input via rivers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of organic compounds: A review
TL;DR: The current knowledge of the gas phase reactions occurring in the troposphere for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, oxygenates and aromatic hydrocarbons and their photooxidation products is reviewed, and areas of uncertainty identified as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen fixation: Anthropogenic enhancement‐environmental response
TL;DR: In the absence of human activities, biotic fixation is the primary source of reactive N, providing about 90-130 Tg N yr−1 (Tg = 1012 g) on the continents as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence
TL;DR: In this paper, two modes of seasonal behavior are noted for surface ozone at mid-latitudes: a broad summer maximum within a few hundred km of industrial/urban areas in Europe and the U.S., and a minimum in summer or autumn in sparcely populated regions that are remote from industrial activity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tropospheric chemistry: A global perspective
TL;DR: A model for the photochemistry of the global troposphere constrained by observed concentrations of H2O, O3, CO, CH4, NO, NO2, and HNO3 is presented in this paper.
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Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning
Wolfgang Seiler,Paul J. Crutzen +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimated the global amounts of biomass which are affected by fires, and estimated an overall effect lof the biosphere on the atmospheric carbon dioxide budget which may range between the possibilities of a net uptake or a net release of about 2 Pg C/yr.
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Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Role of NO and NO2 in the Chemistry of the Troposphere and Stratosphere
TL;DR: In this article, the acidity of precipitation is in part the result of HNO3 and H2SO4 formed by reactions involving the OH radical, and fast removal processes for oxides of nitrogen in the lower troposphere are described.