Proceedings ArticleDOI
Non-destructive search for interstellar dust using synchrotron microprobes
Andrew J. Westphal,A. Allbrink,Carlton C. Allen,Saša Bajt,R. Bastien,H. A. Bechtel,Pierre Bleuet,Janet Borg,S. Bowker,Frank E. Brenker,John Bridges,Donald E. Brownlee,Mark J. Burchell,Manfred Burghammer,Anna L. Butterworth,A. Campanile,Peter Cloetens,George D. Cody,T. Ferroir,K. Ferrari,C. Floss,George J. Flynn,D. Frank,Zack Gainsforth,Eberhard Grün,M. Harmer,Peter Hoppe,Anton T. Kearsley,S. Kulkarni,Barry Lai,L. Lemelle,H. Leroux,R. Lettieri,William Marchant,B. McCreadie,L. R. Nittler,Ryan C. Ogliore,Frank Postberg,C. Rigamonti,Scott A. Sandford,Sylvia Schmitz,Geert Silversmit,A. Simionovici,G. Sperry,R. Srama,Frank J. Stadermann,Thomas Stephan,Rhonda M. Stroud,Jean Susini,Stephen R. Sutton,V. Thompson,R. Toucoulou,Mario Trieloff,Peter Tsou,Akira Tsuchiyama,T. Tyliczszak,Bart Vekemans,L. Vincze,J. Warren,T. Yahnke,D. Zevin,Michael E. Zolensky +61 more
- Vol. 1221, Iss: 1, pp 131-138
TLDR
In this paper, the authors describe the critical role that synchrotron X-ray and infrared microprobes are playing in the search for interstellar dust in the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector (SIDC).Abstract:
Here we describe the critical role that synchrotron X-ray and infrared microprobes are playing in the search for interstellar dust in the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector (SIDC). The samples under examination are submicron particles trapped in low-density aerogel. We have found that the spatial resolution, energy range, and flux capabilities of the FTIR beamlines 1.4.3, ALS, and U2B, NSLS; the XRF microprobes ID13 and ID22NI, ESRF and 2-ID-D, APS; and the STXM beamline 11.0.2, ALS are ideally suited for studying these tiny returned samples. Using nondestructive, coordinated analyses at these microprobes, we have been able to eliminate most candidates as likely samples of interstellar dust. This in itself is a major accomplishment, since the analysis of these tiny samples is technically extremely challenging.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Predicting protein structures with a multiplayer online game
Seth Cooper,Firas Khatib,Adrien Treuille,Adrien Treuille,Janos Barbero,Jeehyung Lee,Michael Beenen,Andrew Leaver-Fay,Andrew Leaver-Fay,David Baker,David Baker,Zoran Popović,Foldit Players +12 more
TL;DR: Foldit is described, a multiplayer online game that engages non-scientists in solving hard prediction problems and shows that top-ranked Foldit players excel at solving challenging structure refinement problems in which substantial backbone rearrangements are necessary to achieve the burial of hydrophobic residues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Algorithm discovery by protein folding game players
Firas Khatib,Seth Cooper,Michael D. Tyka,Kefan Xu,Ilya Makedon,Zoran Popović,David Baker,Foldit Players +7 more
TL;DR: The rapid social evolution of player-developed folding algorithms that took place in the year following the introduction of tools for players to encode their folding strategies as “recipes” and to share their recipes with other players, who are able to further modify and redistribute them are described.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
The challenge of designing scientific discovery games
Seth Cooper,Adrien Treuille,Janos Barbero,Andrew Leaver-Fay,Kathleen Tuite,Firas Khatib,Alex Cho Snyder,Michael Beenen,David Salesin,David Baker,Zoran Popović +10 more
TL;DR: The design process used for Foldit, a multiplayer online biochemistry game that presents players with computationally difficult protein folding problems in the form of puzzles, allowing ordinary players to gain expertise and help solve these problems, is discussed.
Book
A Framework for Scientific Discovery through Video Games
TL;DR: The coevolution of human problem solving and computer tools in an incentivized game framework is an exciting new scientific pathway that can lead to discoveries currently unreachable by other methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental investigation of impacts by solar cell secondary ejecta on silica aerogel and aluminum foil: Implications for the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector
TL;DR: In this paper, the origin of the secondary impacts can be determined by either analysis of the residue in the craters in the foils, which preserve an elemental signature of the solar cell components, or by their pointing direction for tracks in the aerogel.
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