![Fig. 4. Normal and frictional stress distributions at tool–chip interface [25].](/figures/fig-4-normal-and-frictional-stress-distributions-at-tool-2bc37dvn.webp)
Q2. What is the effect of cutting speed on the tensile surface residual stresses?
For high cutting speed (Vc4100 m/min), tensile surface residual stresses decrease in both directions with increasing the cutting speed.
Q3. What is the effect of the material removal rate on the chip?
For higher speeds, the material removal rate _Z raises and the chip as well as the quantity of associated heat (QC) remains in the cutting zone for shorter time.
Q4. What is the rate of heat dissipation in the cutting zone?
For a range of cutting speed lower than a value of 100 m/min, the material removal rate _Z is low and leads to a weak rate of thermal dissipation by the chip ð _Q CÞ.
Q5. How is the non equilibrium corrected for the global structure?
ð6ÞMechanical non equilibrium is corrected for the global structure with implicit integration by simultaneously resolving of differential equations after formulation and inversion of the global structural matrix.
Q6. What is the definition of the term microhardness?
In the current work, the cold work hardening induced in machined surface layers is quantified in term of plastic strain that can be converted to microhardness as explained previously.
Q7. What is the purpose of the proposed method?
The proposed method is suitable to investigate the effects of process parameters on cold work hardening in the machined affected layer.
Q8. What is the effect of cutting speed on the tensile stress level in the machined?
Numerical results show that a reduction of tensile stress level in machined subsurface was obtained when a high cuttingspeed and a low depth of cut are used.
Q9. What are the two sources of heat that are assumed to generate the temperature rise in the machined?
In fact, two sources of heat are assumed to generate the temperature rise in the machined part during cutting: plastic deformations in shear zones and friction between the tool and the workpiece (Fig. 15).
Q10. How is the approach used to predict the near surface residual stresses and strains induced by turning?
The approach adopted to predict the near surface residual stresses and strains induced by turning consists of reproducing the generation mechanisms of residual stress and strain in metal cutting by simulating separately:
Q11. What is the ALE model used to predict the surface residual stresses and strains?
The finite element model is calibrated by residual stressesand plastic strains measured on AISI 316L stainless steel samples machined in different cutting conditions.
Q12. What is the effect of cutting speed on plastic strain in the machined surface?
It can be seen from Fig. 18, that the effect of cutting speed on plastic strain in the machined surface is more importantfor lower levels of depth of cut.