Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Aquatic Crustaceans.
TLDR
A review of amino acid metabolism in aquatic crustacean species at different life stages can be found in this article, where the authors highlight recent advances in AA nutrition and metabolism for optimum growth, health and wellbeing of crustaceans.Abstract:
Crustaceans (e.g., shrimp and crabs) are a good source of protein-rich foods for human consumption. They are the second largest aquaculture species worldwide. Understanding the digestion of dietary protein, as well as the absorption, metabolism and functions of amino acids (AAs) and small peptides is essential to produce cost-effective and sustainable aquafeeds. Hepatopancreas (the midgut gland) is the main site for the digestion of dietary protein as well as the absorption of small peptides and AAs into the hemolymph. Besides serving as the building blocks of protein, AAs (particularly aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and alanine) are the primary metabolic fuels for the gut and extra-hepatopancreas tissues (e.g., kidneys and skeletal muscle) of crustaceans. In addition, AAs are precursors for the syntheses of glucose, lipids, H2S, and low-molecular-weight molecules (e.g., nitric oxide, glutathione, polyamines, histamine, and hormones) with enormous biological importance, such as physical barrier, immunological and antioxidant defenses. Therefore, both nutritionally essential and nonessential AAs are needed in diets to improve the growth, development, molt rate, survival, and reproduction of crustaceans. There are technical difficulties and challenges in the use of crystalline AAs for research and practical production due to the loss of free AAs during feed processing, the leaching of in-feed free AAs to the surrounding water environment, and asynchronous absorption with peptide-bounded AAs. At present, much knowledge about AA metabolism and functions in crustaceans is based on studies of mammals and fish species. Basic research in this area is necessary to lay a solid foundation for improving the balances and bioavailability of AAs in the diets for optimum growth, health and wellbeing of crustaceans, while preventing and treating their metabolic diseases. This review highlights recent advances in AA nutrition and metabolism in aquatic crustacean species at their different life stages. The new knowledge is expected to guide the development of the next generation of their improved diets.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Fish.
Xinyu Li,Shixuan Zheng,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the digestibility and bioavailability of AAs should be carefully evaluated because feed production processes and AA degradation in the gut affect the amounts of dietary AAs that enter the blood circulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrition and Metabolism: Foundations for Animal Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how to mitigate antimicrobial resistance and develop prebiotic and probiotic alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in animal production, while helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions, minimize the urinary and fecal excretion of nitrogenous and other wastes to the environment, and sustain animal agriculture (including aquaculture).
Book ChapterDOI
Composition of Amino Acids in Foodstuffs for Humans and Animals.
Peng Li,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins that have both structural and metabolic functions in humans and other animals as mentioned in this paper, and proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine, methionine, phenylalanine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydroxyproline in animal metabolism, nutrition, and cell signaling
Shengdi Hu,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline is highly abundant in collagen (accounting for about one-third of body proteins in humans and other animals) and has both structural and physiological significance in animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein-Sourced Feedstuffs for Aquatic Animals in Nutrition Research and Aquaculture.
TL;DR: Aquatic animals have particularly high requirements for dietary amino acids (AAs) for health, survival, growth, development, and reproduction, and therefore are the determinants of the growth performance and feed efficiency of farmed fish as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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