Observations of Volcanic Clouds in Their First Few Days of Atmospheric Residence: The 1992 Eruptions of Crater Peak, Mount Spurr Volcano, Alaska
William I. Rose,Gregg J. S. Bluth,David J. Schneider,Gerald G. J. Ernst,Colleen M. Riley,Lydia J. Henderson,Robert G. McGimsey +6 more
TLDR
Satellite SO2 and ash measurements of Mount Spurr's three 1992 volcanic clouds are compared with ground-based observations to develop an understanding of the physical and chemical evolution of volcanic clouds as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
Satellite SO2 and ash measurements of Mount Spurr’s three 1992 volcanic clouds are compared with ground‐based observations to develop an understanding of the physical and chemical evolution of volcanic clouds. Each of the three eruptions with ratings of volcanic explosivity index three reached the lower stratosphere (14 km asl), but the clouds were mainly dispersed at the tropopause by moderate to strong (20–40 m/s) tropospheric winds. Three stages of cloud evolution were identified. First, heavy fallout of large (>500 μm) pyroclasts occurred close to the volcano (<25 km from the vent) during and immediately after the eruptions, and the cloud resembled an advected gravity current. Second, a much larger, highly elongated region marked by a secondary‐mass maximum occurred 150–350 km downwind in at least two of the three events. This was the result of aggregate fallout of a bimodal size distribution including fine (<25 μm) ash that quickly depleted the solid fraction of the volcanic cloud. For the f...read more
Citations
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References
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Shiming Wen,William I. Rose +1 more
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