Journal ArticleDOI
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: a controlled study.
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TLDR
Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive-compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in dySTONia are not reactive to chronic disability.Abstract:
Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical-basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive-compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin-treated and -untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross-sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM-IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptom scores above cut-off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene-related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive-compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive-compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive-compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical-basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive-compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Blepharospasm 40 years later.
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the findings regarding blepharospasm reported in the past 40 years is provided, indicating that blephrospasm is phenomenologically a heterogeneous condition and the need for tools for severity assessment that take into account both motor and nonmotor manifestations.
Journal ArticleDOI
SGCE mutations cause psychiatric disorders: clinical and genetic characterization.
Kathryn J. Peall,Daniel J. Smith,Manju A. Kurian,Mark Wardle,Adrian James Waite,Tammy Hedderly,Jean-Pierre Lin,Martin Smith,Alan L Whone,Hardev Pall,Cathy White,Andrew L Lux,Philip Jardine,Narinder Bajaj,Bryan Lynch,George Kirov,Sean O'Riordan,Michael Samuel,T. Lynch,Mary D. King,Patrick F. Chinnery,Thomas T. Warner,Derek J. Blake,Michael John Owen,Huw R. Morris +24 more
TL;DR: SGCE mutations are associated with a specific psychiatric phenotype consisting of compulsivity, anxiety and alcoholism in addition to the characteristic motor phenotype and are likely to have a pleiotropic effect in causing both motor and specific psychiatric symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-motor symptoms in patients with adult-onset focal dystonia: Sensory and psychiatric disturbances *
Antonella Conte,Isabella Berardelli,Gina Ferrazzano,Massimo Pasquini,Alfredo Berardelli,Giovanni Fabbrini +5 more
TL;DR: Clinical studies and neurophysiological investigations consistently show that the sensory system is involved in dystonia, and several studies have also demonstrated that neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, are more frequent in patients with focal dySTONia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychiatric comorbidities in dystonia: emerging concepts.
TL;DR: The hypothesis that mood and anxiety disorders are intrinsic to the neurobiology of dystonia is examined, citing the available literature, which is derived mostly from research on focal isolated dystonias.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognition and psychopathology in myoclonus-dystonia
M.J. van Tricht,Yasmine E. M. Dreissen,Danielle C. Cath,Joke M. Dijk,Maria Fiorella Contarino,S. M. A. van der Salm,E.M.J. Foncke,Justus L. Groen,Ben Schmand,Marina A. J. Tijssen +9 more
TL;DR: The findings of this study suggest that anxiety disorders and executive dysfunctions may be part of the phenotype of M-D patients with a DYT11 mutation, whereas depressive symptoms and semantic fluency impairments may be secondary to suffering from a chronic movement disorder, regardless of DYt11 gene mutation.
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TL;DR: The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview is designed to meet the need for a short but accurate structured psychiatric interview for multicenter clinical trials and epidemiology studies and to be used as a first step in outcome tracking in nonresearch clinical settings.
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The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, Use, and Reliability
Wayne K. Goodman,Lawrence H. Price,Steven A. Rasmussen,Carolyn M. Mazure,Roberta L. Fleischmann,Candy L. Hill,George R. Heninger,Dennis S. Charney +7 more
TL;DR: In a study involving four raters and 40 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder at various stages of treatment, interrater reliability for the total Yale-Brown Scale score and each of the 10 individual items was excellent, with high degree of internal consistency among all item scores demonstrated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
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Journal Article
The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10
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The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: II. Validity
Wayne K. Goodman,Lawrence H. Price,Steven A. Rasmussen,Carolyn M. Mazure,Pedro L. Delgado,George R. Heninger,Dennis S. Charney +6 more
TL;DR: Results from a previously reported placebo-controlled trial of fluvoxamine in 42 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder showed that the Yale- Brown Scale was sensitive to drug-induced changes and that reductions in Yale-Brown Scale scores specifically reflected improvement in obsessive- compulsive disorder symptoms.