Journal ArticleDOI
One Century of Global IQ Gains: A Formal Meta-Analysis of the Flynn Effect (1909–2013)
Jakob Pietschnig,Martin Voracek +1 more
TLDR
Findings include that IQ gains vary according to domain, are stronger for adults than children, and have decreased in more recent decades, while factors associated with life history speed seem mainly responsible for the Flynn effect’s general trajectory.Abstract:
The Flynn effect (rising intelligence test performance in the general population over time and generations) varies enigmatically across countries and intelligence domains; its substantive meaning and causes remain elusive. This first formal meta-analysis on the topic revealed worldwide IQ gains across more than one century (1909-2013), based on 271 independent samples, totaling almost 4 million participants, from 31 countries. Key findings include that IQ gains vary according to domain (estimated 0.41, 0.30, 0.28, and 0.21 IQ points annually for fluid, spatial, full-scale, and crystallized IQ test performance, respectively), are stronger for adults than children, and have decreased in more recent decades. Altogether, these findings narrow down proposed theories and candidate factors presumably accounting for the Flynn effect. Factors associated with life history speed seem mainly responsible for the Flynn effect's general trajectory, whereas favorable social multiplier effects and effects related to economic prosperity appear to be responsible for observed differences of the Flynn effect across intelligence domains.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Innovation in the collective brain.
TL;DR: It is argued that rates of innovation are heavily influenced by (i) sociality, (ii) transmission fidelity, and (iii) cultural variance, and some of the forces that affect these factors can also shape each other.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vaccine impact: Benefits for human health.
TL;DR: Unlike most drugs, whose benefit is restricted to the individual who takes the drug, prophylactic vaccines have the potential for far-reaching effects that encompass health service utilisation, general health and wellbeing, cognitive development and, ultimately, economic productivity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cultural Change: The How and the Why:
TL;DR: The relevance of cultural change research for the contemporary societal shifts is discussed and several critical challenges and future directions for the emerging field of cross-temporal research on culture and psychology are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Annual Research Review: Educational neuroscience: progress and prospects.
TL;DR: The origins of educational neuroscience are traced, its main areas of research activity and the principal challenges it faces as a translational field are discussed, and how a pure psychology approach that ignores neuroscience is at risk of being misleading for educators are considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
The paradox of intelligence: Heritability and malleability coexist in hidden gene-environment interplay.
Bruno Sauce,Louis D. Matzel +1 more
TL;DR: Empirical evidence for GE interplay in intelligence is described, with malleability existing on top of heritability, which has novel implications for enduring problems, including the authors' inability to identify intelligence-related genes, and the loss of initial benefits from early intervention programs.
References
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Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates
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