Journal ArticleDOI
Ordinal Judgments of Numerical Symbols by Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)
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Two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) learned that the arabic numerals 0 through 9 represented corresponding quantities of food pellets by manipulating a joystick, and made ordinal judgments of numerical symbols in accordance with their absolute or relative values.Abstract:
Two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) learned that the arabic numerals 0 through 9 represented corresponding quantities of food pellets By manipulating a joystick, the monkeys were able to make a selection of paired numerals presented on a computer screen Although the monkeys received a corresponding number of pellets even if the lesser of the two numerals was selected, they learned generally to choose the numeral of greatest value even when pellet delivery was made arrhythmic In subsequent tests, they chose the numerals of greater value when presented in novel combinations or in random arrays of up to five numerals Thus, the monkeys made ordinal judgments of numerical symbols in accordance with their absolute or relative valuesread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Varieties of numerical abilities.
TL;DR: This paper provides a tutorial introduction to numerical cognition, with a review of essential findings and current points of debate, and proposes a triple-code model, which assumes that numbers are mentally manipulated in an arabic, verbal or analogical magnitude code depending on the requested mental operation.
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The Development of Numerical Estimation Evidence for Multiple Representations of Numerical Quantity
Robert S. Siegler,John E. Opfer +1 more
TL;DR: It is strongly suggested that one cause of children's difficulties with estimation is reliance on logarithmic representations of numerical magnitudes in situations in which accurate estimation requires reliance on linear representations.
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Abstract representations of numbers in the animal and human brain
TL;DR: The number domain is a prime example where strong evidence points to an evolutionary endowment of abstract domain-specific knowledge in the brain because there are parallels between number processing in animals and humans.
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Non-verbal numerical cognition: from reals to integers.
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-verbal counting process represents discrete (countable) quantities by means of magnitudes with scalar variability, which appear to be identical to the magnitudes that represent continuous (uncountable), such as duration.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Numerical competence in animals: Definitional issues, current evidence, and a new research agenda.
Hank Davis,Rachelle Pérusse +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a consistent vocabulary and theoretical framework for evaluating numerical competence in animals is proposed, where relative numerousness judgments, subitizing, counting, and estimation may be the essential processes by which animals perform numerical discriminations.
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Counting behavior in animals: A critical evaluation.
Hank Davis,John Memmott +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), video tasks, and implications for stimulus-response spatial contiguity.
Duane M. Rumbaugh,W. K. Richardson,David A. Washburn,E. S. Savage-Rumbaugh,William D. Hopkins +4 more
TL;DR: It is held that stimulus-response contiguity is a significant parameter of learning only to the degree that the monkey visually attends to the directional movements of its hand in order to displace discriminanda as in the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus.
Journal ArticleDOI
The NASA/LRC Computerized Test System.
W. Kirk Richardson,David A. Washburn,William D. Hopkins,E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh,Duane M. Rumbaugh +4 more
TL;DR: The preliminary data generated within this new testing paradigm demonstrate that the NASA/LRC Computerized Test System provides a flexible yet powerful environment for the investigation of behavioral and psychological processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Relative numerousness judgments by squirrel monkeys
Roger K. Thomas,Laurie Chase +1 more
TL;DR: This paper showed that the squirrel monkey is capable of relative numerousness judgments, including ordinal numerousness judgment, and concluded that the ability to use quantitative concepts is a prerequisite to the acquisition of language.