Book ChapterDOI
Oxide solid solutions as catalysts
Alessandro Cimino,Frank S. Stone +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, a review of the development of oxide solid solutions as catalysts from their first use in the 1960s to their current application in basic and applied research is presented.Abstract:
This review traces the development of oxide solid solutions as catalysts from their first use in the 1960s to their current application in basic and applied research. Oxide solid solutions provide the means to control the properties of catalytically active ions in defined surface environments. When applied to transition metal (TM) ions, interaction with neighbors can be suppressed or progressively developed, depending on the concentration chosen for the active solute and the structure of the insulating matrix selected as solvent oxide. Simple examples are nickel, cobalt and chromium ions in MgO and MgAl 2 O 4 . The successful preparation of solid solutions demands a knowledge of the reactivity of solids and the behavior of crystal defects. This is exemplified in the methods described for preparing solid solutions of low and high specific surface area, respectively. Characterization receives detailed attention and the methods specific to oxide solid solutions are illustrated. Emphasis is placed on quantitative determination of surface composition for which X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy is the most widely applicable technique. The acidity and basicity of oxide solid solution surfaces is linked with coordinative unsaturation and this aspect of characterization involves adsorption calorimetry and infra-red spectroscopy. The account of oxide solid solutions as catalysts is divided into two parts. The first comprises studies where solid solutions have been used as model catalysts to identify and compare the catalytic properties of individual TM ions. For this purpose the catalysis of N 2 0 decomposition, CO oxidation and H 2 D 2 equilibration have long served as prototypical test reactions. These simple reactions enable issues such as the distinctive behavior of isolated ions, pairs and chains to be addressed and matrix effects to be explored. The motivation here is detailed understanding of catalysis on highly characterized microcrystalline oxides. The second catalytic part is broader in scope and focuses to a greater extent on the application of oxide solid solutions as catalysts for reactions of industrial interest. Combustion of hydrocarbons is a high-temperature reaction for which perovskite-structured solid solution catalysts are especially attractive since they accommodate a wide range of TM and main group ions in solid solution. A second sector covered is selective oxidation of hydrocarbons. Oxide solid solutions containing TM ions made an early entry as catalysts for alkene conversion and remained when interest switched to alkanes. The solid solution approach featured strongly in the search for methane coupling catalysts and currently contributes in a new guise in titanium silicalite. The acidity developed at solute sites is the source of activity for carbenium ion catalysis. SAPOs and McAPOs fall within the solid solution domain as covalently-bonded counterparts of ionic solid solutions. Finally, reduced solid solutions with phase-separated transition metal clusters are effective catalysts for reforming of alkanes.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sustainable Conversion of Carbon Dioxide: An Integrated Review of Catalysis and Life Cycle Assessment
Jens Artz,Thomas Müller,Katharina Thenert,Johanna Kleinekorte,Raoul Meys,André Dirk Sternberg,André Bardow,Walter Leitner,Walter Leitner +8 more
TL;DR: The motivation to develop CO2-based chemistry does not depend primarily on the absolute amount of CO2 emissions that can be remediated by a single technology and is stimulated by the significance of the relative improvement in carbon balance and other critical factors defining the environmental impact of chemical production in all relevant sectors in accord with the principles of green chemistry.
Journal ArticleDOI
A highly selective and stable ZnO-ZrO 2 solid solution catalyst for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol.
Wang Jijie,Guanna Li,Guanna Li,Li Zelong,Chizhou Tang,Zhaochi Feng,Hongyu An,Hailong Liu,Taifeng Liu,Can Li +9 more
TL;DR: Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the synergetic effect between Zn and Zr sites results in the excellent performance of the ZnO-ZrO2 solid solution catalyst, which can achieve methanol selectivity of up to 86 to 91% with CO2 single-pass conversion of more than 10% under reaction conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fifty years of my romance with vanadium oxide catalysts
TL;DR: In this article, the phase diagram shows that vanadium atoms exist in different formal oxidation states, which vary from two to five, depending on the type of support vanadium oxide shows various catalytic properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
CO Oxidation by Rutile TiO2(110) Doped with V, W, Cr, Mo, and Mn
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used density functional theory to study CO oxidation catalyzed by TiO2(110), in which some Ti atoms on the surface are replaced with V, Cr, Mo, W, or Mn.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the Catalytic Activity of Cobalt Oxide for the Steam Reforming of Ethanol
Simonetta Tuti,Franco Pepe +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the catalytic activity for the ethanol steam reforming of Co3O4 oxidized, reduced and supported on MgO, and of CoO in mgO solid solution was investigated.
References
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Reference BookDOI
Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling system that automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and therefore expensive and expensive process of characterization and activation of Solid Catalysts.
Book
Practical Surface Analysis
David Briggs,Martin P. Seah +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the carbon C 1s peak at 285 eV as a reference for charge correction in XPS analyses of samples prepared outside the high vacuum chamber relatively thick carbon layers are formed on the surfaces.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catalytic Properties of Ceria and CeO2-Containing Materials
TL;DR: A survey of the use of cerium oxide and CeO2-containing materials as oxidation and reduction catalysts is presented in this paper, with a special focus on catalytic interaction with small molecules such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and nitric oxide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inorganic Solid Acids and Their Use in Acid-Catalyzed Hydrocarbon Reactions
TL;DR: In this article, the authors tried to describe perhaps the most important solid acids based on inorganic oxides, going from their preparation procedures and characterization, to their catalytic activity for a series of hydrocarbon reactions.
Book
Introduction to surface chemistry and catalysis
Gabor A. Somorjai,Brian E. Bent +1 more
TL;DR: The Structure of Surfaces: An Introduction as mentioned in this paper The structure of surfaces and its properties are discussed in detail in Section 5.1.2.3 The Dynamics at Surfaces. 4 Electrical properties of surfaces. 5 Surface Chemical Bond.
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