Pathogens and Molds Affecting Production and Quality of Cannabis sativa L.
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Analysis of air samples in indoor growing environments revealed that species of Penicillium, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Beauveria, and Trichoderma were present, the result of the application of biocontrol products for control of insects and diseases, respectively.Abstract:
Plant pathogens infecting marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) plants reduce growth of the crop by affecting the roots, crown and foliage. In addition, fungi (molds) that colonize the inflorescences (buds) during development or after harvest, and which colonize internal tissues as endophytes, can reduce product quality. The pathogens and molds that affect C. sativa grown hydroponically indoors (in environmentally controlled growth rooms and greenhouses) and field-grown plants were studied over multiple years of sampling. A PCR-based assay using primers for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA confirmed identity of the cultures. Root-infecting pathogens included Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. brachygibbosum, Pythium dissotocum, P. myriotylum and P. aphanidermatum, which caused root browning, discoloration of the crown and pith tissues, stunting and yellowing of plants, and in some instances, plant death. On the foliage, powdery mildew, caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum, was the major pathogen observed. On inflorescences, penicillium bud rot (caused by P. olsonii and P. copticola), botrytis bud rot (B. cinerea) and fusarium bud rot (F. solani, F. oxysporum) were present to varying extents. Endophytic fungi present in crown, stem and petiole tissues included soil-colonizing and cellulolytic fungi, such as species of Chaetomium, Trametes, Trichoderma, Penicillium and Fusarium. Analysis of air samples in indoor growing environments revealed that species of Penicillium, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Beauvaria, and Trichoderma were present. The latter two species were the result of the application of biocontrol products for control of insects and diseases, respectively. Fungal communities present in unpasteurized coconut fibre (coco) growing medium are potential sources of mold contamination on cannabis plants. Swabs taken from greenhouse-grown and indoor buds pre- and post-harvest revealed the presence of Cladosporium and up to five species of Penicillium, as well as low levels of Alternaria species. Mechanical trimming of buds caused an increase in the frequency of Penicilllium species, presumably by providing entry points through wounds or spreading endophytes from pith tissues. Aerial distribution of pathogen inoculum and mold spores and dissemination through vegetative propagation, are important methods of spread, and entry through wound sites on roots, stems and bud tissues facilitates pathogen establishment on cannabis plants.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Several Pythium species cause crown and root rot on cannabis (Cannabis sativa L., marijuana) plants grown under commercial greenhouse conditions
TL;DR: Cannabis plants with symptoms of crown rot, root decay, wilting and plant death were sampled during 2018 and 2019 from seven production greenhouses to study the mechanisms behind plant death.
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The Fusarium solani species complex infecting cannabis (Cannabis sativa L., marijuana) plants and a first report of Fusarium (Cylindrocarpon) lichenicola causing root and crown rot
TL;DR: This study demonstrates the first occurrence worldwide of F. lichenicola on cannabis plants, on which it is considered a weak introduced tropical pathogen, likely to have originated from coco coir imported into Canada.
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Toxicological aspects of cannabinoid, pesticide and metal levels detected in light Cannabis inflorescences grown in Italy
Graziella Amendola,Beatrice Bocca,V. Picardo,Patrizia Pelosi,B. Battistini,F. Ruggieri,D. Attard Barbini,Daniela De Vita,Valentina Noemi Madia,Antonella Messore,R. Di Santo,Roberta Costi +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, a study was carried out on thirty-one inflorescences samples, collected in different Italian regions, in order to determine cannabinoids, pesticides and metals and to evaluate the exposure of consumers to contaminants and ensure a safe consumption.
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Morphometric relationships and their contribution to biomass and cannabinoid yield in hybrids of hemp (Cannabis sativa)
Craig H. Carlson,George M. Stack,Yu Jiang,Bircan Taskiran,Ali R. Cala,Jacob A. Toth,Glenn Philippe,Jocelyn K. C. Rose,Christine D. Smart,Lawrence B. Smart +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the inheritance of morphological traits and their association with biomass accumulation and cannabinoid yield were investigated in the breeding of hybrid cultivars of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and the segregation and inheritance of traits that are important for yield.
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