Journal ArticleDOI
Photoelectric Mixing As a Spectroscopic Tool
TLDR
In this paper, two general receiver types are considered and termed, following rf terminology, low-level and superheterodyne receivers, which offer the possibility of simple observations of the special shape of the laser output, although good resolution will require long observation times.Abstract:
Photoelectric mixing is at present an effect which can be displayed with great difficulty. When combined with optical masers (or lasers), it may provide the basis of relatively simple optical measurements using radio-frequency-like receivers. In these receivers the detector or mixer is a photocell or other photoelectric device. Two general receiver types are considered and termed, following rf terminology, low-level and superheterodyne receivers. The low-level receiver offers the possibility of simple observations of the special shape of the laser output. The superheterodyne receiver offers the possibility of measurement of the shapes of ordinary spectral lines although good resolution will require long observation times. As an instrument for comparing two laser outputs the superheterodyne optical receiver is capable of such extraordinary sensitivity that two lasers may be compared out to physical separations of 106 km.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Coherence Properties of Optical Fields
Leonard Mandel,Emil Wolf +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of coherence properties of electromagnetic fields and their measurements, with special emphasis on the optical region of the spectrum, is presented, based on both the classical and quantum theories.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser Doppler perfusion monitoring and imaging: novel approaches.
TL;DR: The theoretical background of the LDF technique is described and novel approaches of velocity components are introduced, providing the determination of the velocities relative contribution in physiologically relevant units (mm/s).
The laser
A. Yariv,J.P. Gordon +1 more
TL;DR: A review of the field of optical masers, or lasers as they have come to be known, summarizing both theory and practice can be found in this article, where black body radiation theory is used to introduce the concepts of spontaneous and induced transitions.
Book ChapterDOI
III Light Beating Spectroscopy
H. Z. Cummins,Harry L. Swinney +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss light beating spectroscopy, which is a direct analog of the familiar mixing of a.c. electrical signals in nonlinear circuit elements, and measure the shifts in frequency by mixing the diffracted light with the incident laser light.
Book ChapterDOI
Light Beating Spectroscopy
TL;DR: Light beating spectroscopy has developed into a major new technique for analyzing optical fields with an effective resolution orders of magnitude greater than was available with traditional spectroscopic techniques as mentioned in this paper, and has been used extensively in photodetector applications.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Correlation between Photons in two Coherent Beams of Light
R. Hanbury Brown,R. Q. Twiss +1 more
TL;DR: Hanbury-Brown and Twiss as mentioned in this paper showed that photon detections in the two daughter beams were correlated: the photons were bunching together, which corresponded to a correlation in the intensity of light in two beams, which could be used to infer the angular size of distant stars.
Journal Article
Correlation between photons in two coherent beams of light
R. H. Brown,R. Q. Twiss +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Photoelectric Mixing of Incoherent Light
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the signal-to-shot-noise ratio at the cavity is only 3/ifmmode/times/else/texttimes/fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ second.
Journal ArticleDOI
On Coherence Properties of Light Waves
TL;DR: The electric field of a luminous region is much more regular than is generally realized as mentioned in this paper, and the nature of the polarization remains approximately constant, for times of the order of the reciprocal of the line width in cycles per second.