Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogeography of the Bothrops jararaca complex (Serpentes: Viperidae): past fragmentation and island colonization in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
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A large‐scale survey of the genetic variation at the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the pitviper, jararaca lancehead, and two closely related insular species, endemic of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, corroborating evidences that southern forests may have suffered a more pronounced reduction in area in the late Pleistocene.Abstract:
The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is one of the world's major biodiversity hotspots and is threatened by a severe habitat loss. Yet little is known about the processes that originated its remarkable richness of endemic species. Here we present results of a large-scale survey of the genetic variation at the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the pitviper, jararaca lancehead (Bothrops jararaca), and two closely related insular species (Bothrops insularis and Bothrops alcatraz), endemic of this region. Phylogenetic and network analyses revealed the existence of two well-supported clades, exhibiting a southern and a northern distribution. The divergence time of these two phylogroups was estimated at 3.8 million years ago, in the Pliocene, a period of intense climatic changes and frequent fragmentation of the tropical rainforest. Our data also suggest that the two groups underwent a large size expansion between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, the southern group showed a more marked signal of population size fluctuation than the northern group, corroborating evidences that southern forests may have suffered a more pronounced reduction in area in the late Pleistocene. The insular species B. alcatraz and B. insularis presented very low diversity, each one sharing haplotypes with mainland individuals placed in different subclades. Despite their marked morphological and behavioural uniqueness, these two insular species seem to have originated very recently and most likely from distinct costal B. jararaca populations, possibly associated with late Pleistocene or Holocene sea level fluctuations.read more
Citations
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Historical climate modelling predicts patterns of current biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed validated, spatially explicit hypotheses for the late Quaternary distribution of the Brazilian Atlantic forest, and thereby provided a framework for integrating analyses of species and genetic diversity in the region.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography in Bromeliaceae: Insights from an eight-locus plastid phylogeny
Thomas J. Givnish,Michael H. J. Barfuss,Benjamin W. van Ee,Benjamin W. van Ee,Ricarda Riina,Ricarda Riina,Katharina Schulte,Katharina Schulte,Ralf Horres,Philip A. Gonsiska,Rachel S. Jabaily,Rachel S. Jabaily,Darren M. Crayn,J. Andrew C. Smith,Klaus Winter,Gregory K. Brown,Timothy M. Evans,Bruce K. Holst,Harry E. Luther,Walter Till,Georg Zizka,Paul E. Berry,Kenneth J. Sytsma +22 more
TL;DR: A bromeliad phylogeny based on eight plastid regions is used to analyze relationships within the family, test a new, eight-subfamily classification, infer the chronology of b romeliad evolution and invasion of different regions, and provide the basis for future analyses of trait evolution and rates of diversification.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogeographical patterns shed light on evolutionary process in South America.
TL;DR: The results suggest a highly complex mosaic of phylogeographical patterns in South America, which is suggestive of high levels of undocumented species diversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive radiation, correlated and contingent evolution, and net species diversification in Bromeliaceae
Thomas J. Givnish,Michael H. J. Barfuss,Benjamin W. van Ee,Ricarda Riina,Katharina Schulte,Katharina Schulte,Ralf Horres,Philip A. Gonsiska,Rachel S. Jabaily,Darren M. Crayn,J. Andrew C. Smith,Klaus Winter,Gregory K. Brown,Timothy M. Evans,Bruce K. Holst,Harry E. Luther,Walter Till,Georg Zizka,Paul E. Berry,Kenneth J. Sytsma +19 more
TL;DR: This study is among the first to test a priori hypotheses about the relationships among phylogeny, phenotypic evolution, geographic spread, and net species diversification, and to argue for causality to flow from functional diversity to spatial expansion to species diversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
High Levels of Diversity Uncovered in a Widespread Nominal Taxon: Continental Phylogeography of the Neotropical Tree Frog Dendropsophus minutus
Marcelo Gehara,Marcelo Gehara,Andrew J. Crawford,Andrew J. Crawford,Victor G. D. Orrico,Ariel Rodríguez,Stefan Lötters,Antoine Fouquet,Lucas S. Barrientos,Francisco Brusquetti,Ignacio De la Riva,Raffael Ernst,Giuseppe Gagliardi Urrutia,Frank Glaw,Juan M. Guayasamin,Monique Hölting,Martin Jansen,Philippe J. R. Kok,Axel Kwet,Rodrigo Lingnau,Mariana L. Lyra,Jiří Moravec,José P. Pombal,Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic,Arne Schulze,J. Celsa Señaris,Mirco Solé,Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues,Evan Twomey,Célio F. B. Haddad,Miguel Vences,Jörn Köhler +31 more
TL;DR: The results, at a spatial scale and resolution unprecedented for a Neotropical vertebrate, confirm that widespread amphibian species occur in lowland South America, yet at the same time a large proportion of cryptic diversity still remains to be discovered.
References
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TL;DR: A ‘silver bullet’ strategy on the part of conservation planners, focusing on ‘biodiversity hotspots’ where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat, is proposed.
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MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees
TL;DR: The program MRBAYES performs Bayesian inference of phylogeny using a variant of Markov chain Monte Carlo, and an executable is available at http://brahms.rochester.edu/software.html.
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MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution.
David Posada,Keith A. Crandall +1 more
TL;DR: The program MODELTEST uses log likelihood scores to establish the model of DNA evolution that best fits the data.