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Physics of Sound in Marine Sediments
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TLDR
In this article, a review of the derivations of the Formulas for the Acoustical Properties of Liquid-Solid Mixtures of Saturated Saturated Sediments is presented, and a method for measuring In Situ Acoustic Properties During Sediment Coring is presented.Abstract:
I. Theory.- A. Derivation.- A Review of the Derivations of the Formulas for the Acoustical Properties of Liquid-Solid Mixtures.- Acoustic Waves in Saturated Sediments.- B. Interpretation.- Acoustic and Mechanical Loading of Marine Sediments.- Influence of Anisotropy and Soil Structure on Elastic Properties of Sediments.- The Seismic Wide Angle Reflection Method in the Study of Ocean Sediment Velocity Structure.- Sonobuoy Measurements in Thin Layers.- II. Applications.- The Interaction of Underwater Acoustics and Marine Geophysics.- Underwater Sound Transmission Through the Ocean Floor.- Geoacoustic Models of the Sea Floor.- Sound Propagation Calculations Using Bottom Reflection Functions.- III. Measurement Techniques.- Nonlinear Acoustics and Its Role in the Sedimentary Geophysics of the Sea.- Near-Bottom Acoustic Observations of Abyssal Topography and Reflectivity.- Remote Sediment Classification Potential of Reflected Acoustic Signals.- Measurement of Viscoelastic Properties of Sediments Using a Torsionally Vibrating Probe.- A Method for Measuring In Situ Acoustic Properties During Sediment Coring.- IV. Measurement Results.- Acoustic Estimates of the Topography and Roughness Spectrum of the Sea Floor Southwest of Iberian Peninsula.- Acoustical Characteristics of the Sea Floor: Experimental Techniques and Some Examples from the Mediterranean Sea.- Statistical Correlation of Physical Properties and Sound Velocity in Sediments.- Preliminary Study of Global Sediment Sound Velocities from Sonobuoy Data.- Measurements of Reflectivity by Explosive Signals.read more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Parameter of Nonlinearity in Fluids
TL;DR: In this paper, the sound velocity has been measured as a function of temperature and hydrostatic pressure for a number of organic liquids and for water-methanol mixtures and the data have been used to compute the ratio of the coefficient B of the quadratic term to that of the linear term A in the adiabatic expansion of pressure changes in terms of density changes.
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Sound Absorption in Sea Water
M. Schulkin,H. W. Marsh +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an expression for sound absorption in sea water as a function of frequency, temperature, salinity, and pressure was presented based on available data reported in the literature and new data taken in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Journal ArticleDOI
Connection between the Fay and Fubini Solutions for Plane Sound Waves of Finite Amplitude
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed Fay and Fubini's well-known solutions for plane, progressive, periodic sound waves of finite amplitude and found that for distances greater than 3.5 shock-formation lengths, the general solution is practically indistinguishable from the sawtooth solution, which is the limiting form of Fay's solution for strong waves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental Investigation of an End-Fire Array
J. L. S. Bellin,R. T. Beyer +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, experiments were conducted on the measurement of the scattered pressure from two finite-amplitude, collinear sound beams at a carrier frequency of 13.5 Mc in water and of 350 kc in air.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parametric Sonar Transmitting Array Measurements
TL;DR: In this article, the beamwidth of a parametric sonar transmitting array was investigated at a mean primary frequency of 720 kHz and a mean secondary source level up to 90 dB/1 μbar at 1 m. At this level, saturation effects broaden the beam width to 8° compared to the unsaturated value of 3°.