Playing Music for a Smarter Ear: Cognitive, Perceptual and Neurobiological Evidence
Dana L. Strait,Nina Kraus +1 more
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TLDR
This review argues not only that common neural mechanisms for speech and music exist, but that experience in music leads to enhancements in sensory and cognitive contributors to speech processing, including reading and hearing speech in background noise.Abstract:
Human hearing depends on a combination of cognitive and sensory processes that function by means of an interactive circuitry of bottom-up and top-down neural pathways, extending from the cochlea to the cortex and back again. Given that similar neural pathways are recruited to process sounds related to both music and language, it is not surprising that the auditory expertise gained over years of consistent music practice fine-tunes the human auditory system in a comprehensive fashion, strengthening neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings of both music and speech processing. In this review we argue not only that common neural mechanisms for speech and music exist, but that experience in music leads to enhancements in sensory and cognitive contributors to speech processing. Of specific interest is the potential for music training to bolster neural mechanisms that undergird language-related skills, such as reading and hearing speech in background noise, which are critical to academic progress, emotional health, and vocational success.read more
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Music training, cognition, and personality.
TL;DR: It is revealed that individual differences influence who takes music lessons and for how long, personality variables are at least as good as cognitive variables at predicting music training, and future correlational studies of links between music training and non-musical ability should account for individual differences in personality.
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Can nonlinguistic musical training change the way the brain processes speech? The expanded OPERA hypothesis.
TL;DR: A conceptual framework for understanding such effects based on mechanisms of neural plasticity is offered, and initial data from a new study motivated by the OPERA hypothesis is presented, focusing on the impact of musical training on speech perception in cochlear-implant users.
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Musical training during early childhood enhances the neural encoding of speech in noise.
TL;DR: Assessment of perception and subcortical processing of speech in noise and related cognitive abilities in musician and nonmusician children that were matched for a variety of overarching factors reveals that musicians' advantages for processing speech innoise are present during pivotal developmental years.
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Can you hear me now? Musical training shapes functional brain networks for selective auditory attention and hearing speech in noise.
Dana L. Strait,Nina Kraus +1 more
TL;DR: Given the importance of auditory attention for the development and maintenance of language-related skills, musical training may aid in the prevention, habilitation, and remediation of individuals with a wide range of attention-based language, listening and learning impairments.
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Neural overlap in processing music and speech.
TL;DR: The evidence is reviewed and the issues faced in interpreting such neural data are outlined, and it is argued that converging evidence from several methodologies is needed before neural overlap is taken as evidence of sharing.
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