Predictive motifs derived from cytosine methyltransferases
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TLDR
Five highly conserved motifs occur in a mammalian methyltransferase responsible for the formation of 5-methylcytosine within CG dinucleotides, and can be used to discriminate the known 5- methylcytOSine forming methyltransferases from all other methyl transferases of known sequence, and from allother identified proteins in the PIR, GenBank and EMBL databases.Abstract:
Thirteen bacterial DNA methyltransferases that catalyze the formation of 5-methylcytosine within specific DNA sequences possess related structures. Similar building blocks (motifs), containing invariant positions, can be found in the same order in all thirteen sequences. Five of these blocks are highly conserved while a further five contain weaker similarities. One block, which has the most invariant residues, contains the proline-cysteine dipeptide of the proposed catalytic site. A region in the second half of each sequence is unusually variable both in length and sequence composition. Those methyltransferases that exhibit significant homology in this region share common specificity in DNA recognition. The five highly conserved motifs can be used to discriminate the known 5-methylcytosine forming methyltransferases from all other methyltransferases of known sequence, and from all other identified proteins in the PIR, GenBank and EMBL databases. These five motifs occur in a mammalian methyltransferase responsible for the formation of 5-methylcytosine within CG dinucleotides. By searching the unidentified open reading frames present in the GenBank and EMBL databases, two potential 5-methylcytosine forming methyltransferases have been found.read more
Citations
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Targeted mutation of the DNA methyltransferase gene results in embryonic lethality.
TL;DR: Results indicate that while a 3-fold reduction in levels of genomic m5C has no detectable effect on the viability or proliferation of ES cells in culture, a similar reduction of DNA methylation in embryos causes abnormal development and embryonic lethality.
Journal ArticleDOI
The DNA methyltransferases of mammals
TL;DR: The biological significance of 5-methylcytosine was in doubt for many years, but is no longer, and it has become clear that programmed changes in methylation patterns are less important in the regulation of mammalian development than was previously believed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eukaryotic cytosine methyltransferases.
Mary G. Goll,Timothy H. Bestor +1 more
TL;DR: There are multiple families of DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases in eukaryotes, and each family appears to be controlled by different regulatory inputs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detecting Subtle Sequence Signals: A Gibbs Sampling Strategy for Multiple Alignment
Charles E. Lawrence,Stephen F. Altschul,Mark S. Boguski,Jun Liu,Andrew F. Neuwald,John C. Wootton +5 more
TL;DR: A mathematical definition of this "local multiple alignment" problem suitable for full computer automation has been used to develop a new and sensitive algorithm, based on the statistical method of iterative sampling, that finds an optimized local alignment model for N sequences in N-linear time, requiring only seconds on current workstations.
Journal ArticleDOI
5-Azacytidine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine as inhibitors of DNA methylation: mechanistic studies and their implications for cancer therapy.
TL;DR: The current status of the understanding of the mechanism(s) by which 5-azacytosine residues in DNA inhibit DNA methylation is reviewed with an emphasis on the interactions of these residues with bacterial and mammalian DNA (cytosines-C5) methyltransferases.
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Book
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TL;DR: This book presents a meta-analsis of the network simplex algorithm and a section on the five color theorem, which states that the color theorem can be rewritten as a graph representation of a network.