Q2. What are the main challenges for solar cells energy production in this climate?
High humidity, ambient temperature, rainfall and diffuse sunlight all around the year are the main challenges for cells energy production in this climate.
Q3. What are the main sources of discrepancies between findings of different studies?
Uncertainty in environmentalconditions, inverter technology, arrangements of solar cells in modules and also modules in PV arrays are the main sources of discrepancies between findings of different studies.
Q4. How many MWh of PV power has been installed in a building?
In overall, 1540 m 2 of PV modules with peak system power of 190 kWp have been implemented in the building to produce about 207 MWh electricity each year.
Q5. What are the common PV performance models?
Several PV performance models like Equivalent one-diode andSandia models have been incorporated into EnergyPlus energy simulationsoftware to model PV arrays on different sites and the results are validatedwith experimental data [24].
Q6. What is the effect of the solar potential of facades?
In a relevant study, Redweik et al. [9] showed that although the annual irradiation on vertical facades is lower than that of more favourable surfaces (roofs), due to their very large areas, the solar potential of facades is relevant for the overall solar potential of a building.
Q7. What is the effect of the solar potential of a building?
In a relevant study, Redweik et al. [9]showed that although the annual irradiation on vertical facades is lower thanthat of more favourable surfaces (roofs), due to their very large areas, thesolar potential of facades is relevant for the overall solar potential of abuilding.
Q8. What is the average annual PV yield of an array?
The annual PV yield of arrays ranges between 600 to1200 kWh/yr and the type of solar cells, shading condition and arrangementof modules in an array are the key factors.
Q9. What is the main factor for estimating the annual PV yield?
This modeling tool is capable ofpredicting the shadow zones at different times and days in the year which isthe dominant factor for estimating the annual PV yield.
Q10. What is the maximum power of the Sunshade array on the west facade?
the maximum power of the Sunshade array which is located on west façade is around 0.7 kW and is lower than its nominal capacity (1.044 kWp).
Q11. What is the percentage deviation of measured power with predicted values?
The percentage deviation of measured power with predicted values (from 12 pm to 5 pm) ranges between 37-69 %, 21-53 %, 37-59 %, respectively for Simple, one-diode and Sandia models.
Q12. What is the way to predict the energy output of solar panels?
Comparison of modeling results with measured data hasshown the Equivalent one-diode and Sandia model could fairly predict the yearly average actual output power of modules but there is still room for improvement by implementing more realistic weather data and considering other sources of energy loss in panels.
Q13. What is the way to predict the energy yield of solar panels?
An accurate modeling tool for predicting the energy yield of solarsystem could be useful in recognizing the optimum location, orientation and inclination of on-site PV systems in buildings.