Journal ArticleDOI
Rain Rate Estimation Using Measurements From Commercial Telecommunications Links
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TLDR
A novel method for estimating the rain rate at any given point within a two-dimensional plain using measurements of the received signal level extracted from power control records of an existing deployed fixed wireless communication network.Abstract:
In this paper, we propose a novel method for estimating the rain rate at any given point within a two-dimensional plain using measurements of the received signal level extracted from power control records of an existing deployed fixed wireless communication network. The path-average rainfall intensity along each microwave radio link is estimated from the rainfall-induced attenuation using an empirical relationship. The proposed algorithm consists of appropriate preprocessing of the links data, followed by a modified weighted least squares algorithm to infer on the rain level at any given point in space. The algorithm can be used to interpolate measurements onto a regular grid to construct a two-dimensional rainfall intensity field. The novelty of the proposed estimation method comes from its ability to be applied on an arbitrary geometry network comprising different microwave links lengths and frequencies and allowing easy integration of rain gauge observations into the model to improve estimation accuracy. The technique has been applied to an existing fixed wireless communication network comprising 22 microwave links covering an area of about 15times15 km2 and operating at carrier frequencies of about 20 GHz. The resulting rainfall field estimates have been compared to rain gauge stations in the vicinity and to weather radar data, showing good agreement.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Measuring urban rainfall using microwave links from commercial cellular communication networks
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a 17-day data set of 57 single-frequency links from 2009 to estimate rainfall in the Rotterdam region, a densely populated delta city in Netherlands (≈1250 km2, > 1 million inhabitants).
Journal ArticleDOI
Real-time estimation of small-area populations with human biomarkers in sewage.
TL;DR: The biomarker with the most potential for the SCIM concept for real-time measurement of population was determined to be coprostanol - the major sterol produced by microbial reduction of cholesterol in the colon.
Journal ArticleDOI
Frontal Rainfall Observation by a Commercial Microwave Communication Network
TL;DR: In this article, a stochastic space-time model based on a rainfall advection model, assimilated using a Kalman filter, is presented for reconstruction of rainfall spatial-temporal dynamics from a wireless microwave network.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of Dry and Rainy Periods Using Telecommunication Microwave Links
Marc Schleiss,Alexis Berne +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a technique to separate dry and rainy periods and to estimate a time-varying attenuation baseline using path-integrated attenuation measurements from operational telecommunication microwave links.
Journal ArticleDOI
Precipitation observation using microwave backhaul links in the alpine and pre-alpine region of Southern Germany
Christian Chwala,Andreas Gmeiner,W. Qiu,Susanne Hipp,David Nienaber,Uwe Siart,Thomas F. Eibert,Martin Pohl,Jörg E.E. Seltmann,Jürgen Fritz,Harald Kunstmann,Harald Kunstmann +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a spectral time series analysis method was proposed to detect wet and dry periods using spectral signal level (RSL) data from commercial microwave links in the alpine region of Southern Germany.
References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
A two-dimensional interpolation function for irregularly-spaced data
TL;DR: In many fields using empirical areal data there arises a need for interpolating from irregularly-spaced data to produce a continuous surface as discussed by the authors, and it is assumed that a unique number (such as rainfall in meteorology, or altitude in geography) is associated with each data point.
Journal ArticleDOI
The aR b relation in the calculation of rain attenuation
R. Olsen,D. Rogers,D. Hodge +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the empirical relation A = aR^{b} between the specific attenuation A and the rain rate R is used in the calculation of rain attenuation statistics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Path- and Area-Integrated Rainfall Measurement by Microwave Attenuation in the 1–3 cm Band
David Atlas,Carlton W. Ulbrich +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a compromise between maximum path-averaged rainfall rate sensitivity and minimum sensing errors may be achieved by the use of one-way methods between the transmitter and the receiver, with a wavelength of 1.5 to 2.0 cm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental Monitoring by Wireless Communication Networks
TL;DR: Here it is demonstrated how measurements of the received signal level, which are made in a cellular network, provide reliable measurements for surface rainfall.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analytic Specific Attenuation Model for Rain for Use in Prediction Methods
TL;DR: In this article, the specific rain attenuation calculated by the analytic expressions are also in high agreement with those by the values of k and α tabulated by ITU-R.