Open AccessPosted Content
Raziel: Private and Verifiable Smart Contracts on Blockchains
TLDR
An implementation of ZRaziel, which combines secure multi-party computation and proof-carrying code to provide privacy, correctness and verifiability guarantees for smart contracts on blockchains, is described and examples to demonstrate its practical viability are presented.Abstract:
Raziel combines secure multi-party computation and proof-carrying code to provide privacy, correctness and verifiability guarantees for smart contracts on blockchains. Effectively solving DAO and Gyges attacks, this paper describes an implementation and presents examples to demonstrate its practical viability (e.g., private and verifiable crowdfundings and investment funds). Additionally, we show how to use Zero-Knowledge Proofs of Proofs (i.e., Proof-Carrying Code certificates) to prove the validity of smart contracts to third parties before their execution without revealing anything else. Finally, we show how miners could get rewarded for generating pre-processing data for secure multi-party computation.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Smart Contract Development: Challenges and Opportunities
Weiqin Zou,David Lo,Pavneet Singh Kochhar,Xuan-Bach D. Le,Xin Xia,Yang Feng,Zhenyu Chen,Baowen Xu +7 more
TL;DR: This study focuses exclusively on this subset of smart contracts, and suggests several directions that researchers and practitioners can work on to help improve developers’ experience on developing high-quality smart contracts.
Journal ArticleDOI
SoK of Used Cryptography in Blockchain
TL;DR: In this article, the authors thoroughly review and systematize all cryptographic concepts which are already used in blockchain and give a list of cryptographic concepts that have not yet been applied but have big potentials to improve the current blockchain solutions.
Book ChapterDOI
Verifiable Sealed-Bid Auction on the Ethereum Blockchain
Hisham S. Galal,Amr M. Youssef +1 more
TL;DR: This paper presents a smart contract for a verifiable sealed-bid auction on the Ethereum blockchain and provides an analysis of the proposed protocol and the smart contract design, in addition to the estimated gas costs associated with the different transactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Comprehensive Survey on Smart Contract Construction and Execution: Paradigms, Tools and Systems
TL;DR: This paper surveys the literature and online resources on smart contract construction and execution over the period 2008–2020 and divides the studies into three categories: design paradigms that give examples and patterns on contract construction, design tools that facilitate the development of secure smart contracts, and extensions and alternatives that improve the privacy or efficiency of the system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enabling Reliable Keyword Search in Encrypted Decentralized Storage with Fairness
TL;DR: This work utilizes the smart contract to record the logs of encrypted search (aka evidence) on the blockchain, and devise a fair protocol to handle disputes and issue fair payments, and craft a concrete scheme that preserves encrypted search capability and enforces ecosystem healthiness.
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Posted Content
Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention
TL;DR: In this paper, the determination of optimal resource allocation for invention will depend on the technological characteristics of the invention process and the nature of the market for knowledge, which is interpreted broadly as the production of knowledge.
Journal ArticleDOI
Informational asymmetries, financial structure, and financial intermediation
TL;DR: This paper argued that the average quality is likely to be low, with the consequence that even projects which are known (by the entrepreneur) to merit financing cannot be undertaken because of the high cost of capital resulting from low average project quality.
Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger
TL;DR: Ethereum as mentioned in this paper is a transactional singleton machine with shared state, which can be seen as a simple application on a decentralised, but singleton, compute resource, and it provides a plurality of resources, each with a distinct state and operating code but able to interact through a message-passing framework with others.
Proceedings Article
How to Play any Mental Game or A Completeness Theorem for Protocols with Honest Majority
TL;DR: Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or Idistributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machimery.
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