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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF-kappa B transcription factor and HIV-1.

R Schreck, +2 more
- 01 Aug 1991 - 
- Vol. 10, Iss: 8, pp 2247-2258
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TLDR
It is shown that micromolar concentrations of H2O2 can induce the expression and replication of HIV‐1 in a human T cell line and suggests that diverse agents thought to activate NF‐kappa B by distinct intracellular pathways might all act through a common mechanism involving the synthesis of ROI.
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide and oxygen radicals are agents commonly produced during inflammatory processes. In this study, we show that micromolar concentrations of H2O2 can induce the expression and replication of HIV-1 in a human T cell line. The effect is mediated by the NF-kappa B transcription factor which is potently and rapidly activated by an H2O2 treatment of cells from its inactive cytoplasmic form. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a well characterized antioxidant which counteracts the effects of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in living cells, prevented the activation of NF-kappa B by H2O2. NAC and other thiol compounds also blocked the activation of NF-kappa B by cycloheximide, double-stranded RNA, calcium ionophore, TNF-alpha, active phorbol ester, interleukin-1, lipopolysaccharide and lectin. This suggests that diverse agents thought to activate NF-kappa B by distinct intracellular pathways might all act through a common mechanism involving the synthesis of ROI. ROI appear to serve as messengers mediating directly or indirectly the release of the inhibitory subunit I kappa B from NF-kappa B.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Reactive Oxygen Species: Involvement in T Cell Signaling and Metabolism.

TL;DR: It is discussed here how ROS can directly fine-tune metabolism and effector functions of T cells as well as redox modeling of effector proteins and transcription factors, influencing the outcome of the T cell response.
Journal ArticleDOI

Strategies for reducing or preventing the generation of oxidative stress.

TL;DR: This paper addresses oxidative stress and strategies to reduce it with the focus on nutritional and psychosocial interventions of oxidative stress prevention, that is, methods to stabilize mitochondria structure and energy efficiency, or approaches which would increase endogenous antioxidative protection and repair systems.
Journal ArticleDOI

Apoptosis mediated by HIV protease is preceded by cleavage of Bcl-2

TL;DR: A model for HIV replication in which the viral protease depletes the infected cells of bcl-2, leading to oxidative stress-dependent activation of NF kappa B, a cellular factor required for HIV transcription, and ultimately to cell death is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI

Transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B is activated in neurons after focal cerebral ischemia.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that transient focal cerebral ischemia results in activation ofNF-kB in neurons and supports previous observations that neuroprotective antioxidants may inhibit neuronal death by preventing the activation of NF-kB.
Journal ArticleDOI

Skin aging and oxidative stress: Equol's anti-aging effects via biochemical and molecular mechanisms.

TL;DR: The main focus of this review covers the characteristics of equol (phytoestrogenic, antioxidant and enhancement of extracellular matrix properties) to reduce skin aging along with its anti-aging skin influences via reducing oxidative stress cascade events by a variety of biochemical/molecular actions and mechanisms to enhance human dermal health.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding

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Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei

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Journal ArticleDOI

Prooxidant states and tumor promotion.

Peter A. Cerutti
- 25 Jan 1985 - 
TL;DR: Prooxidant states can be caused by different classes of agents, including hyperbaric oxygen, radiation, xenobiotic metabolites and Fenton-type reagents, modulators of the cytochrome P-450 electron-transport chain, peroxisome proliferators, inhibitors of the antioxidant defense, and membrane-active agents.
Journal ArticleDOI

I kappa B: a specific inhibitor of the NF-kappa B transcription factor.

TL;DR: The data show the existence of a phorbol ester-responsive regulatory protein that acts by controlling the DNA binding activity and subcellular localization of a transcription factor in cells that do not express immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes.
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