Showing papers in "Ageing Research Reviews in 2016"

TL;DR: Frailty and pre-frailty are associated with higher inflammatory parameters and in particular CRP and IL-6 and further longitudinal studies are needed.

TL;DR: Physical Frailty Phenotype was the most used frailty instrument in the research literature, followed by the Deficit Accumulation Index and the Vulnerable Elders Survey, and may be important to consider when selecting instruments for clinical or research purposes.

TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the main findings in AD and normal aging over the past twenty years, focusing on the patterns of gray and white matter changes assessed in vivo using MRI.

TL;DR: It is suggested that physical activity interventions positively influence cognitive function in patients with dementia, independent of the clinical diagnosis and the frequency of the intervention, and was driven by interventions that included aerobic exercise.

TL;DR: The objective of the present review is to highlight the multi-dimensional risks of hypertension among older adults and discuss potential strategies for treatment and future areas of research for improving overall care for older adults with hypertension.

TL;DR: The unique vulnerability of neurons to persistent low level lysosomal dysfunction is discussed and recent clinical and experimental studies that link dysfunction of the v-ATPase complex to neurodegenerative diseases across the age spectrum are reviewed.

TL;DR: The intricate association between the various inflammatory molecules and telomeres that together contribute to the ageing process and related diseases are summarized.

TL;DR: In this review, lysosomal cathepsins and their regulation is discussed with the focus on cysteineCathepsin and their endogenous inhibitors, as well as their role in several neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: Some of the most relevant changes that take place during aging are explored and an integrative approach that couples aging research with systems biology, capable of providing novel insights into how and why the authors age, is necessary.

TL;DR: The main focus of this review covers the characteristics of equol (phytoestrogenic, antioxidant and enhancement of extracellular matrix properties) to reduce skin aging along with its anti-aging skin influences via reducing oxidative stress cascade events by a variety of biochemical/molecular actions and mechanisms to enhance human dermal health.

TL;DR: This review aims at critically examining the nature and pliability of the different layers, in which lysosomes are involved as a control hub for aging and longevity.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that combined intervention demonstrates advantages over control group and physical exercise, while evidence is still lacking for superiority when compared combined intervention to cognitive intervention.

TL;DR: FDG PET is used to visualize a downstream topographical marker that indicates the distribution of neural injury or synaptic dysfunction, and can identify distinct phenotypes of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

TL;DR: A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate trafficking of MVBs to lysosomes and the plasma membrane may advance an understanding of diseases in which pathogenic proteins, lipids or infectious agents accumulate within or outside of cells.

TL;DR: Although the meta-analysis revealed robust support for enhancing both cognitive and motor performance, a number of caveats are outlined on the use of tDCS.

TL;DR: Evidence whether the efficiency of AMPK responsiveness declines during the aging process is examined and the potential age-related changes in the inhibitory regulation of AM PK signaling that might be a part of the Aging process are elucidated.

TL;DR: Some of the current literature on synaptic integrity in animal models of disease and human post-mortem studies are highlighted and the current and prospective treatments for neurodegenerative disorders are summarized.

TL;DR: Gait analysis, including dynamic gait parameters, is recommended in clinical evaluations of patients with suspected cognitive decline and results indicate that measures of walking ability could serve as additional markers to predict cognitive decline.

TL;DR: An outlook on technologies and markers that are most suitable to identify and isolate senescent cells, which may prove difficult to identify a single biomarker capable of distinguishing senescence in all cell types.

TL;DR: This review focuses on how aging alters lysosomal function and increases cell sensitivity to lysOSomal membrane permeabilization and lyosomal cell death, both in physiological conditions and age-related pathologies.

TL;DR: Behavioral and brain studies that have compared monolingual and bilingual older adults on measures of cognitive function or brain structure are described and evidence demonstrating a protective effect of bilingualism against symptoms of dementia is reviewed.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the literature related to advances, perspectives and challenges in the field of anti-aging pharmacology and identifies a number of pharmacological agents targeting basic aging pathways that are under investigation.

TL;DR: Voxel based morphometry is easily applicable to the routine clinical procedure with a short execution time and is not biased to one particular structure and is able to assess anatomical differences throughout the brain.

TL;DR: Based on this comprehensive review, chronic social stress accompanies telomere shortening in both early and adult exposures, with most eligible studies showing a significant relationship.

TL;DR: The role of oxidative stress in the pathological progression of atherosclerosis is discussed and how diet and alterations to the gut microbiome can be used to mitigate the impact ageing has on cholesterol metabolism is examined.

TL;DR: The effect of aging on immune and skeletal muscle cells involved in muscle regeneration is addressed, and the mechanisms of nutrient action on muscle regeneration are described, showing that quality of nutrition may help to preserve the capacity for skeletal muscle regeneration with age.

TL;DR: Those proteins whose aqueous humor levels are increased in glaucoma are biomarkers of trabecular meshwork impairment, and their diffusion from the anterior to the posterior segment of the eye may be relevant in the cascade of events triggering apoptosis in the inner retinal layers, including the ganglion cells.

TL;DR: The notion that macronutrients may have a more translational potential than CR and IF in humans is explored, and therefore there is a pressing need to use GF to study the impact of diet on brain aging.

TL;DR: Beyond highlighting the essential role that balanced proteolytic activity plays in supporting normal brain aging, these findings suggest that CysC is a therapeutic candidate that can potentially prevent brain damage and neurodegeneration.

TL;DR: The endocytic pathway in microglia is discussed, with insight into the mechanisms controlling lysosomal biogenesis and pH regulation, and some therapies currently being investigated to treat AD are explored.