Regional differences in semen quality in Europe.
Niels Jørgensen,Anne-Grethe Andersen,Florence Eustache,D. Stewart Irvine,J. Suominen,Jørgen Holm Petersen,Anders Nyboe Andersen,Jacques Auger,Elizabeth H.H. Cawood,Antero Horte,Tina Kold Jensen,Pierre Jouannet,Niels Keiding,Matti Vierula,Jorma Toppari,Niels E. Skakkebæk +15 more
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TLDR
Differences in semen quality may indicate different environmental exposures or lifestyle changes in the four populations, however, it remains to be seen whether such changes can account for these differences.Abstract:
Recent reports have indicated a decrease in semen quality of men in some countries, and suggested regional differences. A study was undertaken of semen samples from 1082 fertile men from four European cities (Copenhagen, Denmark; Paris, France; Edinburgh, Scotland; and Turku, Finland). Semen analysis was standardized, inter-laboratory differences in assessment of sperm concentration were evaluated, and morphology assessment centralized. Lowest sperm concentrations and total counts were detected for Danish men, followed by French and Scottish men. Finnish men had the highest sperm counts. Men from Edinburgh had the highest proportion of motile spermatozoa, followed by men from Turku, Copenhagen and Paris. Only the differences between Paris/Edinburgh and Paris/Turku were statistically significant (P < 0.003 and P < 0.002 respectively). No significant differences in morphology were detected. A general seasonal variation in sperm concentration (summer 70% of winter) and total sperm count (summer 72% of winter) was detected. Semen quality of a 'standardized' man (30 years old, fertile, ejaculation abstinence of 96 h) were estimated. Typically, sperm concentrations (x 10(6)/ml) for winter/summer were: Turku 132/93; Edinburgh 119/84; Paris 103/73; and Copenhagen 98/69. These differences in semen quality may indicate different environmental exposures or lifestyle changes in the four populations. However, it remains to be seen whether such changes can account for these differences. These data may also serve as a reference point for future studies on time trends in semen quality in Europe.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics
Trevor G. Cooper,Elizabeth A. Noonan,Sigrid von Eckardstein,Jacques Auger,H.W. Gordon Baker,Hermann M. Behre,Trine B. Haugen,Thinus F. Kruger,Christina Wang,Michael T. Mbizvo,Kirsten M. Vogelsong +10 more
TL;DR: Semen quality of the reference population was superior to that of the men from the general population and normozoospermic men, and provide an appropriate tool in conjunction with clinical data to evaluate a patient's semen quality and prospects for fertility.
Journal ArticleDOI
State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals - 2012
TL;DR: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
Hagai Levine,Niels Jørgensen,Anderson Martino-Andrade,Jaime Mendiola,Dan Weksler-Derri,Irina Mindlis,Rachel Pinotti,Shanna H. Swan +7 more
TL;DR: This comprehensive meta-regression analysis reports a significant decline in sperm counts between 1973 and 2011, driven by a 50-60% decline among men unselected by fertility from North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand.
Journal ArticleDOI
Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones among 1,558 Danish men.
Tina Kold Jensen,Anne-Maria Andersson,Niels Jørgensen,Anne-Grethe Andersen,Elisabeth Carlsen,Jørgen Holm Petersen,Niels E. Skakkebæk +6 more
TL;DR: High or low BMI was associated with reduced semen quality, and it remains to be seen whether the increasing occurrence of obesity in the Western world may contribute to an epidemic of poor semen quality registered in some of the same countries.
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