Journal ArticleDOI
Reliability Hardening Mechanisms in Cyber-Physical Digital-Microfluidic Biochips
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TLDR
An algorithm that minimizes the number of checkpoints and determines their locations to cover every path in a given droplet-routing solution is proposed, which provides reliability-hardening mechanisms for a wide class of cyber-physical DMFBs.Abstract:
In the area of biomedical engineering, digital-microfluidic biochips (DMFBs) have received considerable attention because of their capability of providing an efficient and reliable platform for conducting point-of-care clinical diagnostics. System reliability, in turn, mandates error-recoverability while implementing biochemical assays on-chip for medical applications. Unfortunately, the technology of DMFBs is not yet fully equipped to handle error-recovery from various microfluidic operations involving droplet motion and reaction. Recently, a number of cyber-physical systems have been proposed to provide real-time checking and error-recovery in assays based on the feedback received from a few on-chip checkpoints. However, to synthesize robust feedback systems for different types of DMFBs, certain practical issues need to be considered such as co-optimization of checkpoint placement, error-recoverability, and layout of droplet-routing pathways. For application-specific DMFBs, we propose here an algorithm that minimizes the number of checkpoints and determines their locations to cover every path in a given droplet-routing solution. Next, for general-purpose DMFBs, where the checkpoints are pre-deployed in specific locations, we present a checkpoint-aware routing algorithm such that every droplet-routing path passes through at least one checkpoint to enable error-recovery and to ensure physical routability of all droplets. Furthermore, we also propose strategies for executing the algorithms in reliable mode to enhance error-recoverability. The proposed methods thus provide reliability-hardening mechanisms for a wide class of cyber-physical DMFBs.read more
Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
Checkpoints Assignment on Cyber-Physical Digital Microfluidic Biochips for Early Detection of Hardware Trojans
Debasis Gountia,Sudip Roy +1 more
TL;DR: A systematic algorithm is presented for the assignment of checkpoints required for error-recovery of available bioprotocols in case of hardware Trojans attacks in performing operations by biochip to enhance the security concerns of digital microfluidic biochips.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhancing the Reliability of MEDA Biochips Using IJTAG and Wear Leveling
TL;DR: A new microelectrode cell (MC) design is presented such that the droplet-sensing operation can be enabled/disabled for individual MCs and a wear-leveling synthesis method is proposed to ensure uniform utilization of MCs on MEDA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lifetime improvement of digital microfluidic biochips based on the IWOA
Jinlong Shi,Ping Fu,Wenbin Zheng +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA), which can reduce the excessive use of an electrode and reuse electrodes in an average manner to optimize the longest lifetime of digital microfluidic biochips.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
BioRoute: A Network-Flow-Based Routing Algorithm for the Synthesis of Digital Microfluidic Biochips
TL;DR: The first network-flow-based routing algorithm that can concurrently route a set of noninterfering nets for the droplet routing problem on biochips is presented and is presented as the first polynomial-time algorithm for simultaneous routing and scheduling using the global-routing paths with a negotiation- based routing scheme.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrated control-path design and error recovery in the synthesis of digital microfluidic lab-on-chip
TL;DR: A synthesis method is presented that incorporates control paths and an error-recovery mechanism in the design of a digital microfluidic lab-on-chip and can reduce the completion time by 30% when errors occur during the implementation of the bioassay.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
A fast routability- and performance-driven droplet routing algorithm for digital microfluidic biochips
Tsung-Wei Huang,Tsung-Yi Ho +1 more
TL;DR: The main contributions of the work are a global moving vector analysis for constructing preferred routing tracks to minimize the number of used unit cells, and an entropy-based equation to determine the routing order of droplets for better routability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Droplet manipulation and microparticle sampling on perforated microfilter membranes
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) principle is used to transfer droplets to perforated microfilter membranes and pick up microparticles in their path.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Functional testing of digital microfluidic biochips
Tao Xu,Krishnendu Chakrabarty +1 more
TL;DR: This paper addresses fundamental biochip operations such as droplet dispensing, droplet transportation, mixing, splitting, and capacitive sensing, and evaluates the proposed test methods using simulations as well as experiments for a fabricated biochip.
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