Resistant and susceptible responses in tomato to cyst nematode are differentially regulated by salicylic acid.
TLDR
It is found that PR-1(P4) was a hallmark for the cultivar resistance conferred by Hero A against PCN and that nematode parasitism resulted in the inhibition of the SA signaling pathway in the susceptible cultivars.Abstract:
To understand the machinery underlying a tomato cultivar harboring the Hero A gene against cyst nematode using microarrays, we fi rst analyzed tomato gene expression in response to potato cyst nematode (PCN; Globodera rostochiensis ) during the early incompatible and compatible interactions at 3 and 7 days post-inoculation (dpi). Transcript levels of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase ( PAL ) and Myb related genes were up-regulated at 3 dpi in the incompatible interaction. Transcription of the genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase ( PDC ) and alcohol dehydrogenase ( ADH ) was also up-regulated at 3 dpi in the incompatible interaction. On the other hand, the four genes ( PAL , Myb , PDC and ADH ) were down-regulated in the compatible interaction at 3 dpi. When the expression levels of several pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes in tomato roots were compared between the incompatible and compatible interactions, the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent PR genes were found to be induced in the incompatible interaction at 3 dpi. The PR-1 ( P4 ) transcript increased to an exceptionally high level at 3 dpi in the cyst nematode-infected resistant plants compared with the uninoculated controls. The free SA levels were elevated to similar levels in both incompatible and compatible interactions. We then confi rmed that PR-1 ( P4 ) was not signifi cantly induced in the NahG tomato harboring the Hero A gene, compared with the resistant cultivar. We thus found that PR-1 ( P4 ) was a hallmark for the cultivar resistance conferred by Hero A against PCN and that nematode parasitism resulted in the inhibition of the SA signaling pathway in the susceptible cultivars.read more
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Molecular and biochemical insight into biochar and Bacillus subtilis induced defense in tomatoes against Alternaria solani
TL;DR: It is revealed that biochar and PGPR induced protection against early blight of tomatoes involves both induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) mechanisms.
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Nematology - Concepts, Diagnosis and Control
TL;DR: A review on current methods and tools used to identify plant parasitic nematodes and the use of integrative diagnose, combining morphology, biochemical and molecular data is more appropriate to strength diagnose, define species boundaries, and to have a more suitable molecular database for nematode species.
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Functional characterization of WRKY46 in grape and its putative role in the interaction between grape and phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae).
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that WRKY46 plays a role in the SA-mediated defense-regulatory network by directly binding to the downstream structural gene VvCHIB, which could improve the understanding of the basic mechanism of grapevine in response to phylloxera.
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Expression of genes, encoded defense proteins, in potato plants infected with the cyst-forming nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber 1923) Behrens, 1975 and modulation of their activity during short-term exposure to low temperatures
TL;DR: Varying the temperature changes the activity of transcriptome of susceptible plants towards activation of expression of R-genes, gene PAL, and defense genes; interactions between the plant and parasite are displaced towards induction of host resistance.
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Tight regulation of allene oxide synthase (AOS) and allene oxide cyclase-3 (AOC3) promote Arabidopsis susceptibility to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica
Noga Naor,Noga Naor,Fatta B. Gurung,Fatta B. Gurung,Rachel Ozalvo,Patricia Bucki,Payal Sanadhya,Sigal Brown Miyara +7 more
TL;DR: Data from transgenic lines carrying the GUS reporter gene suggest that temporal and spatial fine tuning of the JA route allowing nematodes parasitism on plant host is fine tuned.
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