Journal ArticleDOI
Responses of cetaceans to anthropogenic noise
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TLDR
In this paper, a review of the effects of anthropogenic noise on cetaceans has been published and their ability to document response(s), or the lack thereof, has improved.Abstract:
1
Since the last thorough review of the effects of anthropogenic noise on cetaceans in 1995, a substantial number of research reports has been published and our ability to document response(s), or the lack thereof, has improved. While rigorous measurement of responses remains important, there is an increased need to interpret observed actions in the context of population-level consequences and acceptable exposure levels. There has been little change in the sources of noise, with the notable addition of noise from wind farms and novel acoustic deterrent and harassment devices (ADDs/AHDs). Overall, the noise sources of primary concern are ships, seismic exploration, sonars of all types and some AHDs.
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Responses to noise fall into three main categories: behavioural, acoustic and physiological. We reviewed reports of the first two exhaustively, reviewing all peer-reviewed literature since 1995 with exceptions only for emerging subjects. Furthermore, we fully review only those studies for which received sound characteristics (amplitude and frequency) are reported, because interpreting what elicits responses or lack of responses is impossible without this exposure information. Behavioural responses include changes in surfacing, diving and heading patterns. Acoustic responses include changes in type or timing of vocalizations relative to the noise source. For physiological responses we address the issues of auditory threshold shifts and ‘stress’, albeit in a more limited capacity; a thorough review of physiological consequences is beyond the scope of this paper.
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Overall, we found significant progress in the documentation of responses of cetaceans to various noise sources. However, we are concerned about the lack of investigation into the potential effects of prevalent noise sources such as commercial sonars, depth finders and fisheries acoustics gear. Furthermore, we were surprised at the number of experiments that failed to report any information about the sound exposure experienced by their experimental subjects. Conducting experiments with cetaceans is challenging and opportunities are limited, so use of the latter should be maximized and include rigorous measurements and or modelling of exposure.read more
Citations
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Threats posed to Marine Life in the Western Indian Ocean from Anthropogenic Ocean Noise and Shipping, including Ship strikes
TL;DR: While overall amplitude is clearly relevant in terms of how sounds in the ocean may affect animals, other aspects of sound, such as frequency, directionality, duration, novelty, and other factors can be as or even more important as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The importance of incorporating signal characteristics in the evaluation of noise exposure impacts on marine life.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a metric to evaluate and express signal characteristics as a component of determining noise exposure impacts on marine animals, based on the assumption that the preponderance of naturally occurring noise in the marine environment is sinusoidal, marine animals may have lower thresholds and thus, lower tolerance to non-sinusoidal noise.
Book ChapterDOI
Use of Preoperation Acoustic Modeling Combined with Real-Time Sound Level Monitoring to Mitigate Behavioral Effects of Seismic Surveys.
Roberto Racca,Melanie E. Austin +1 more
TL;DR: The enactment of such an approach for a seismic survey off Sakhalin Island is reviewed and how similar principles may be applied to other surveys under suitable conditions is examined.
Factors influencing the Effectiveness of Marine Mammal Observers on Seismic Vessels, with examples from the Canadian Beaufort Sea Facteurs influençant l'efficacité des observateurs de mammifères marins sur les navires sismologiques, avec des exemples pour la mer de Beaufort canadienne
Lois A. Harwood,Amanda A. Joynt +1 more
TL;DR: The Statement of Canadian Practice (SOCP) with respect to the Mitigation of Seismic Sound in the Marine Environment requires a qualified Marine Mammal Observer (MMO) be on board a seismic vessel to verify that the safety zone (SZ) is clear for at least 30 minutes before the seismic air source array(s) is activated as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Book
Marine mammals and noise
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-anatomy of Marine Mammal Hearing, a probabilistic assessment of the response of marine mammals to man-made noise, and its consequences.
Journal ArticleDOI
A digital acoustic recording tag for measuring the response of wild marine mammals to sound
Mark Johnson,Peter L. Tyack +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel archival tag, called the DTAG, has been developed to monitor the behavior of marine mammals, and their response to sound, continuously throughout the dive cycle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Decline in Relative Abundance of Bottlenose Dolphins Exposed to Long-Term Disturbance
Lars Bejder,Amy Samuels,Hal Whitehead,Nick Gales,Janet Mann,Richard C. Connor,Michael R. Heithaus,Jana J. Watson-Capps,Cindy Flaherty,Michael Krützen +9 more
TL;DR: The substantial effect of tour vessels on dolphin abundance in a region of low-level tourism calls into question the presumption that dolphin-watching tourism is benign.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gas-bubble lesions in stranded cetaceans
Paul Jepson,Manuel Arbelo,Rob Deaville,I. A. P. Patterson,Pedro Castro,J.R. Baker,E. Degollada,H. M. Ross,Pedro Herráez,A. M. Pocknell,Francisco Rodríguez,F. E. Howie,A. Espinosa,R. J. Reid,José Raduan Jaber,Vidal Martín,Andrew A. Cunningham,Antonio Fernández +17 more
TL;DR: Evidence of acute and chronic tissue damage in stranded cetaceans that results from the formation in vivo of gas bubbles is presented, challenging the view that these mammals do not suffer decompression sickness.