Journal ArticleDOI
Resurrecting the ghost of green revolutions past: The brown planthopper as a recurring threat to high-yielding rice production in tropical Asia
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TLDR
It is hypothesized that BPH functions as a metapopulation and, as such, periodic outbreaks could be a natural phenomenon requiring resupply of planthoppers into vacant areas to ensure genetic linkage among subpopulations.Abstract:
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), which periodically erupted in tropical Asian rice before the 1960s, became a major threat after farmers adopted green revolution technologies in the 1960s. Management and policy changes in the 1980s and 1990s emphasized non-insecticidal tactics to avert BPH outbreaks. However, insecticides have resurfaced as the primary means for controlling rice insect pests and tropical Asian countries have recently experienced planthopper outbreaks in record numbers. Our review of factors that have contributed to the outbreaks points to insecticides as the most tangible outbreak factor primarily because of their harmful effects on natural enemies. BPH resistance to insecticides and especially imidacloprid has increased the probability of outbreaks as farmers have applied increasing quantities of insecticide in an attempt to combat resistant populations. Similarly, heavy use of nitrogen fertilizer, especially on hybrid rice, has increased the potential for outbreaks. Other factors triggering outbreaks are less documented, but we discuss the possibility that the high outbreak synchrony in geographically separated populations of BPH may suggest a “Moran effect” such as climate that promotes an environment favoring above-average increases in BPH populations. Also, we hypothesize that BPH functions as a metapopulation and, as such, periodic outbreaks could be a natural phenomenon requiring resupply of planthoppers into vacant areas to ensure genetic linkage among subpopulations. We conclude with a series of recommendations for research and policy changes aimed at better understanding the cause of BPH outbreaks and for developing sustainable management practices to prevent future outbreaks.read more
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the consolidated standards of reporting trials (CSTT) for the first time, and propose a set of guidelines for reporting trials, including the following:
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomes of the rice pest brown planthopper and its endosymbionts reveal complex complementary contributions for host adaptation
Jian Xue,Xin Zhou,Chuan-Xi Zhang,Lili Yu,Hai-Wei Fan,Zhuo Wang,Hai-Jun Xu,Yu Xi,Zeng-Rong Zhu,Wenwu Zhou,Peng-Lu Pan,Bao-Ling Li,John K. Colbourne,Hiroaki Noda,Yoshitaka Suetsugu,Tetsuya Kobayashi,Yuan Zheng,Shanlin Liu,Rui Zhang,Yang Liu,Yadan Luo,Dongming Fang,Yan Chen,Dong-Liang Zhan,Xiao-Dan Lv,Yue Cai,Zhaobao Wang,Hai-Jian Huang,Ruo-Lin Cheng,Xue-Chao Zhang,Yi-Han Lou,Bing Yu,Ji-Chong Zhuo,Yu-Xuan Ye,Wen-Qing Zhang,Zhi-Cheng Shen,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Jun Wang,Yan-Yuan Bao,Jiaan Cheng +40 more
TL;DR: This study reveals a series of complex adaptations of the brown planthopper involving a variety of biological processes, that result in its highly destructive impact on the exclusive host rice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa
TL;DR: An evaluation using data from 85 IPM projects from 24 countries of Asia and Africa implemented over the past twenty years finds that at least 50% of pesticide use is not needed in most agroecosystems, and successes in four types of IPM projects are assessed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intensification for redesigned and sustainable agricultural systems.
TL;DR: Sustainable intensification (SI) comprises agricultural processes or systems in which production is maintained or increased while progressing toward substantial enhancement of environmental outcomes, and incorporates these principles without the cultivation of more land and loss of unfarmed habitats and with increases in system performance that incur no net environmental cost.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rice Resistance to Planthoppers and Leafhoppers
TL;DR: The review calls for a greater diversity of phenotyping methods to enhance the durability of resistant varieties developed using marker-aided selection and emphasizes a need to anticipate the development of virulent hopper populations in response to the field deployment of genes.
References
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