Journal ArticleDOI
Habitat Management to Conserve Natural Enemies of Arthropod Pests in Agriculture
TLDR
The rapidly expanding literature on habitat management is reviewed with attention to practices for favoring predators and parasitoids, implementation of habitat management, and the contributions of modeling and ecological theory to this developing area of conservation biological control.Abstract:
▪ Abstract Many agroecosystems are unfavorable environments for natural enemies due to high levels of disturbance. Habitat management, a form of conservation biological control, is an ecologically based approach aimed at favoring natural enemies and enhancing biological control in agricultural systems. The goal of habitat management is to create a suitable ecological infrastructure within the agricultural landscape to provide resources such as food for adult natural enemies, alternative prey or hosts, and shelter from adverse conditions. These resources must be integrated into the landscape in a way that is spatially and temporally favorable to natural enemies and practical for producers to implement. The rapidly expanding literature on habitat management is reviewed with attention to practices for favoring predators and parasitoids, implementation of habitat management, and the contributions of modeling and ecological theory to this developing area of conservation biological control. The potential to int...read more
Citations
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Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes: a review on landscape composition, biodiversity and natural pest control
TL;DR: It is concluded that diversified landscapes hold most potential for the conservation of biodiversity and sustaining the pest control function and similar contributions of these landscape factors suggest that all are equally important in enhancing natural enemy populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes - eight hypotheses
Teja Tscharntke,Jason M. Tylianakis,Tatyana A. Rand,Raphael K. Didham,Raphael K. Didham,Raphael K. Didham,Lenore Fahrig,Péter Batáry,Péter Batáry,Janne Bengtsson,Yann Clough,Thomas O. Crist,Carsten F. Dormann,Robert M. Ewers,Jochen Fründ,Robert D. Holt,Andrea Holzschuh,Alexandra M. Klein,David Kleijn,Claire Kremen,Doug A. Landis,William F. Laurance,David B. Lindenmayer,Christoph Scherber,Navjot S. Sodhi,Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter,Carsten Thies,Wim H. van der Putten,Catrin Westphal +28 more
TL;DR: This review uses knowledge gained from human‐modified landscapes to suggest eight hypotheses, which it hopes will encourage more systematic research on the role of landscape composition and configuration in determining the structure of ecological communities, ecosystem functioning and services.
Journal ArticleDOI
Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents
TL;DR: A review of manipulative field studies showed that in approximately 75% of cases, generalist predators, whether single species or species assemblages, reduced pest numbers significantly and needed to find ways of disentangling the factors influencing positive and negative interactions within natural enemy communities in order to optimize beneficial synergies leading to pest control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on how ecosystem services contribute to agricultural productivity and how ecosystem dis-services detract from it, and explore the importance of scale and economic externalities for the management of ecosystem service provision to agriculture.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Use of Push-Pull Strategies in Integrated Pest Management
TL;DR: The principles of the strategy are described, the potential components are listed, and case studies reviewing work on the development and use of push-pull strategies in each of the major areas of pest control are presented.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Organization of a Plant-Arthropod Association in Simple and Diverse Habitats: The Fauna of Collards (Brassica Oleracea)
TL;DR: The results suggest a new proposition, the resource concentration hypothesis, which states that herbivores are more likely to find and remain on hosts that are growing in dense or nearly pure stands; that the most specialized species frequently attain higher relative densities in simple environments; and that biomass tends to become concentrated in a few species, causing a decrease in the diversity of herbsivores in pure stands.
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Vegetational Diversity and Arthropod Population Response
TL;DR: Vegetational diversity plays a central role in this research renaissance on cultural and biological controls in entomology because it involves mixing different kinds of plants in a plant community.
Journal ArticleDOI
Herbivore-infested plants selectively attract parasitoids
TL;DR: The production by phylogenetically diverse plant species and the exploitation by parasitoids of highly specific chemical signals, keyed to individual herbivore species, indicates that the interaction between plants and the natural enemies of the herbivores that attack them is more sophisticated than previously realized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Habitat fragmentation, species loss, and biological control
Andreas Kruess,Teja Tscharntke +1 more
TL;DR: Manually established islands of red clover were colonized by most available herbivore species but few parasitoid species, and herbivores were greatly released from parasitism, experiencing only 19 to 60 percent of the parasitism of nonisolated populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape Structure and Biological Control in Agroecosystems
Carsten Thies,Teja Tscharntke +1 more
TL;DR: The presence of old field margin strips along rape fields was associated with increased mortality of pollen beetles resulting from parasitism and adjacent, large, old fallow habitatsHad an even greater effect in structurally complex landscapes, parasitism was higher and crop damage was lower than in simple landscapes with a high percentage of agricultural use.