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Journal ArticleDOI

Review: Protocol for developing ANN models and its application to the assessment of the quality of the ANN model development process in drinking water quality modelling

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TLDR
A systematic protocol for the development and documentation of ANN models is introduced and shows that model architecture selection is the best implemented step, while greater focus should be given to input selection considering input independence and model validation considering replicative and structural validity.
Abstract
The application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in the field of environmental and water resources modelling has become increasingly popular since early 1990s. Despite the recognition of the need for a consistent approach to the development of ANN models and the importance of providing adequate details of the model development process, there is no systematic protocol for the development and documentation of ANN models. In order to address this shortcoming, such a protocol is introduced in this paper. In addition, the protocol is used to critically review the quality of the ANN model development and reporting processes employed in 81 journal papers since 2000 in which ANNs have been used for drinking water quality modelling. The results show that model architecture selection is the best implemented step, while greater focus should be given to input selection considering input independence and model validation considering replicative and structural validity.

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Citations
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A review of artificial neural network models for ambient air pollution prediction

TL;DR: A protocol by Maier et al. (2010) for ANN model development is presented and applied to assess journal papers dealing with air pollution forecasting using ANN models, highlighting the need for developing systematic protocols for developing powerful ANN models.
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A review of the artificial intelligence methods in groundwater level modeling

TL;DR: A review to the special issue on artificial intelligence (AI) methods for groundwater level (GWL) modeling and forecasting presents a brief overview of the most popular AI techniques, along with the bibliographic reviews of the experiences of the authors over past years and the reviewing and comparison of the obtained results.
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Neural network river forecasting through baseflow separation and binary-coded swarm optimization

TL;DR: Comparing the performance of MM against global models for nine different gaging stations in the northern United States shows that there is no evidence that MM outperform global GM for predicting the total flow, suggesting that these two objectives are intrinsically conflicting rather than compatible.
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Modeling of groundwater level fluctuations using dendrochronology in alluvial aquifers

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a multilayer percepetron (MLP) network and tree-rings to simulate groundwater level fluctuations during the past century, and the results showed that an integration of dendrochronology and ANN rendered a high degree of accuracy and efficiency in the simulation of groundwater levels.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Learning representations by back-propagating errors

TL;DR: Back-propagation repeatedly adjusts the weights of the connections in the network so as to minimize a measure of the difference between the actual output vector of the net and the desired output vector, which helps to represent important features of the task domain.
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Artificial neural networks (the multilayer perceptron)—a review of applications in the atmospheric sciences

TL;DR: This paper presents a general introduction and discussion of recent applications of the multilayer perceptron, one type of artificial neural network, in the atmospheric sciences.
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Comparison of different efficiency criteria for hydrological model assessment

TL;DR: In this paper, the utility of several efficiency criteria is investigated in three examples using a simple observed streamflow hydrograph, and the selection and use of specific efficiency criteria and interpretation of the results can be a challenge for even the most experienced hydrologist since each criterion may place different emphasis on different types of simulated and observed behaviours.
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Neural networks for the prediction and forecasting of water resources variables: a review of modelling issues and applications

TL;DR: The steps that should be followed in the development of artificial neural network models are outlined, including the choice of performance criteria, the division and pre-processing of the available data, the determination of appropriate model inputs and network architecture, optimisation of the connection weights (training) and model validation.
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Artificial Neural Networks in Hydrology. I: Preliminary Concepts

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the role of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in hydrology and show that ANNs are gaining popularity, as is evidenced by the increasing number of papers on this topic.
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