Role of the laboratory in diagnosis of influenza during seasonal epidemics and potential pandemics.
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TLDR
The technological characteristics and utilization features of currently available diagnostic tests, the factors that influence the selection of such tests, and the developments that are essential for pandemic preparedness are covered.Abstract:
Laboratory diagnosis of influenza is critical to its treatment and surveillance. With the emergence of novel and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, the role of the laboratory has been further extended to include isolation and subtyping of the virus to monitor its appearance and facilitate appropriate vaccine development. Recent progress in enhancing testing for influenza promises to both improve the management of patients with influenza and decrease associated health care costs. The present review covers the technological characteristics and utilization features of currently available diagnostic tests, the factors that influence the selection of such tests, and the developments that are essential for pandemic preparedness.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
FilmArray, an automated nested multiplex PCR system for multi-pathogen detection: development and application to respiratory tract infection.
Mark A. Poritz,Anne J. Blaschke,Carrie L. Byington,Lindsay Meyers,Kody Nilsson,David Jones,Thatcher Stephanie Anne,Thomas Charles Robbins,Beth Lingenfelter,Elizabeth A. Amiott,Amy Herbener,Judy A. Daly,Steven F. Dobrowolski,David H.-F. Teng,Kirk M. Ririe +14 more
TL;DR: An integrated diagnostic platform, the FilmArray, which fully automates the detection and identification of multiple organisms from a single sample in about one hour, and it is demonstrated that automated identification of pathogens from their corresponding target amplicon can be accomplished by analysis of the DNA melting curve of the amplicon.
Journal ArticleDOI
The test-negative design: validity, accuracy and precision of vaccine efficacy estimates compared to the gold standard of randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials.
TL;DR: Efficacy estimates and their confidence intervals were virtually identical for per-protocol RCT versus TND analyses of LAIV and also for RSV monoclonal antibody and this study validates the core assumption of the TND approach for influenza vaccine efficacy estimation and confirms the accuracy and precision of its estimates compared to the gold standard of classic per- protocol RCT analysis of the same data sets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic Analysis of H1N1 Influenza Virus from Throat Swab Samples in a Microfluidic System for Point-of-Care Diagnostics
B. Scott Ferguson,Steven F. Buchsbaum,Ting-Ting Wu,Kuangwen Hsieh,Yi Xiao,Ren Sun,H. Tom Soh +6 more
TL;DR: The Magnetic Integrated Microfluidic Electrochemical Detector (MIMED) is presented that integrates sample preparation and electrochemical sensors in a monolithic disposable device to detect RNA-based virus directly from throat swab samples and demonstrates the detection of influenza H1N1 in throat swabs at loads as low as 10 TCID(50), 4 orders of magnitude below the clinical titer for this virus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autopsy findings in eight patients with fatal H1N1 influenza.
Paul W. Harms,Lindsay A. Schmidt,Lauren B. Smith,Duane W. Newton,Maria A. Pletneva,Laura L. Walters,Scott A. Tomlins,Amanda Fisher-Hubbard,Lena M. Napolitano,Pauline K. Park,Mila Blaivas,Joseph C. Fantone,Jeffrey L. Myers,Jeffrey M. Jentzen +13 more
TL;DR: The autopsy findings in patients with fatal novel H1N1 influenza resemble other influenza virus infections with the exception of prominent thrombosis and hemophagocytosis, which should be investigated in severely ill patients with H 1N1 infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy Studies of Influenza Vaccines: Effect of End Points Used and Characteristics of Vaccine Failures
TL;DR: In influenza vaccine efficacy studies, virus identification using rtPCR is the ideal end point, and isolation in cell culture will miss cases, and a serologic end point alone will overestimate inactivated vaccine efficacy.
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