Salinity Tolerance Mechanisms of Six C4 Turfgrasses
Marcum Kb,Charles L. Murdoch +1 more
TLDR
Levels of glycinebetaine and proline, proposed cytoplasmic compatible solutes, increased with increased salinity in the shoots of all grasses except centipedegrass, with tissue water levels reaching 107 and 96 m M at 400 mMSalinity tolerance was associated with exclusion of Na + and Cl - from shoots, a process aided by leaf salt glands in manilagrasses and bermudagrass.Abstract:
Physiological responses to salinity and relative salt tolerance of six C 4 turfgrasses were investigated. Grasses were grown in solution culture containing 1, 100, 200, 300, and 400 m M NaCl. Salinity tolerance was assessed according to reduction in relative shoot growth and turf quality with increased salinity. Manilagrass cv. Matrella (FC13521) ( Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.), seashore paspalum (Hawaii selection) ( Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), and St. Augustinegrass (Hawaii selection) (Stenotaphrum secundatum Walt.) were tolerant, shoot growth being reduced 50% at ≈400 mM salinity. Bermudagrass cv. Tifway (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davey) was intermediate in tolerance, shoot growth being reduced 50% at ≈270 mM salinity. Japanese lawngrass cv. Korean common (Zoysia japonica Steud) was salt- sensitive, while centipedegrass (common) (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.) was very salt-sensitive, with total shoot mortality occurring at ≈230 and 170 mM salinity, respectively. Salinity tolerance was associated with exclusion of Na + and Cl - from shoots, a process aided by leaf salt glands in manilagrass and bermudagrass. Shoot Na + and Cl - levels were high at low (100 to 200 mM) salinity in centipedegrass and Japanese lawngrass resulting in leaf burn and shoot die- back. Levels of glycinebetaine and proline, proposed cytoplasmic compatible solutes, increased with increased salinity in the shoots of all grasses except centipedegrass, with tissue water levels reaching 107 and 96 m M at 400 mM salinity in bermudagrass and manilagrass, respectively. Glycinebetaine and proline may make a significant contribution to cytoplasmic osmotic adjustment under salinity in all grasses except centipedegrass.read more
Citations
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Dissecting the roles of osmolyte accumulation during stress
TL;DR: In re-assessing the functional significance of compatible solute accumulation, it is suggested that proline and glycine betaine synthesis may buffer cellular redox potential and contribute to stress-tolerant phenotypes observed.
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Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants
TL;DR: The major adaptive components of salt tolerance such as osmotic adjustment, photosynthesis, water relations and ion relations are reviewed and it is found that physiological and biochemical indicators for individual species are determined rather than generic indicators.
Journal ArticleDOI
Breeding for salt tolerance in crop plants — the role of molecular biology
TL;DR: The use of physiological traits in breeding programmes are advocated as a process that can be undertaken at the present while more knowledge of the genetic basis of salt tolerance is obtained, and the use of molecular biological techniques might aid plant breeders through the development of marker aided selection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of leaf water relations in leaves of two olive (Olea europaea) cultivars differing in tolerance to salinity
TL;DR: Differences between the two cultivars in leaf water relations reflect differences in the exclusion capacities for Na(+) and Cl(-) ions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies
TL;DR: In this article, a simple colorimetric determination of proline in the 0.1 to 36.0 μmoles/g range of fresh weight leaf material was presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crop salt tolerance–current assessment
Eugene V. Maas,G. J. Hoffman +1 more
TL;DR: An extensive literature review of all available salt tolerance data was undertaken to evaluate the current status of our knowledge of the salt tolerance of agricultural crops as mentioned in this paper, concluding that crops tolerate salinity up to a threshold level above which yields decrease approximately linearly as salt concentrations increase.