Salmonella enterica Serotype 4,[5],12:i:- in Swine in the United States Midwest: An Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Clade.
Ehud Elnekave,Samuel L. Hong,Alison E. Mather,Dave Boxrud,Angela J. Taylor,Victoria Lappi,Timothy J. Johnson,Fabio A. Vannucci,Peter R. Davies,Craig W. Hedberg,Andres M. Perez,Julio Alvarez +11 more
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TLDR
Current strains of Salmonella 4 currently circulating in swine in the US Midwest are likely to be part of an emerging multidrug-resistant clade first reported in Europe, and can carry plasmid-mediated resistance genes that may be transmitted horizontally to other bacteria, and thus may represent a public health concern.Abstract:
Background Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-, a worldwide emerging pathogen that causes many food-borne outbreaks mostly attributed to pig and pig products, is expanding in the United States. Methods Whole-genome sequencing was applied to conduct multiple comparisons of 659 S. 4,[5],12:i:- and 325 Salmonella Typhimurium from different sources and locations (ie, the United States and Europe) to assess their genetic heterogeneity, with a focus on strains recovered from swine in the US Midwest. In addition, the presence of resistance genes and other virulence factors was detected and the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of 50 and 22 isolates of livestock and human origin, respectively, was determined. Results The S. 4,5,12:i:- strains formed two main clades regardless of their source and geographic origin. Most (84%) of the US isolates recovered in 2014-2016, including those (48 of 51) recovered from swine in the US Midwest, were part of an emerging clade. In this clade, multiple genotypic resistance determinants were predominant, including resistance against ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. Phenotypic resistance to enrofloxacin (11 of 50) and ceftiofur (9 of 50) was found in conjunction with the presence of plasmid-mediated resistance genes (qnrB19/qnrB2/qnrS1 and blaCMY-2/blaSHV-12, respectively). Higher similarity was also found between S. 4,[5],12:i:- from the emerging clade and S. Typhimurium from Europe than with S. Typhimurium from the United States. Conclusions Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- currently circulating in swine in the US Midwest are likely to be part of an emerging multidrug-resistant clade first reported in Europe, and can carry plasmid-mediated resistance genes that may be transmitted horizontally to other bacteria, and thus may represent a public health concern.read more
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Genomic insights into the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens.
Stephen Baker,Stephen Baker,Nicholas R. Thomson,Nicholas R. Thomson,François-Xavier Weill,Kathryn E. Holt,Kathryn E. Holt +6 more
TL;DR: By using WGS for coordinating surveillance and to create a more fundamental understanding of the outcome of antimicrobial treatment and AMR mechanisms, this work can use current and future antimicrobials more effectively and aim to extend their longevity.
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The Present and Future of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and Whole Metagenome Sequencing (WMS) for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistant Microorganisms and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes across the Food Chain.
Elena Alexandra Oniciuc,Eleni Likotrafiti,Adrián Alvarez-Molina,Miguel Prieto,Jesús Santos,Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review article summarizes the information currently available on the use of WGS and WMS for surveillance of AMR in foodborne pathogenic bacteria and food-related samples and discusses future needs that will have to be considered for the routine implementation of these next-generation sequencing methodologies with this aim.
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Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella: insights by whole-genome sequencing
Wim L. Cuypers,Wim L. Cuypers,Jan Jacobs,Vanessa K. Wong,Vanessa K. Wong,Elizabeth J. Klemm,Stijn Deborggraeve,Sandra Van Puyvelde,Sandra Van Puyvelde +8 more
TL;DR: This mini-review provides an overview of FQ resistance in Salmonella, guided by WGS studies that demonstrate that WGS is a valuable tool for global surveillance.
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Genome Variation and Molecular Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Pathovariants.
TL;DR: The concept of distinct pathovariants of S. Typhimurium that exhibit diversity of host range, distribution in the environment, pathogenicity, and risk to food safety are presented.
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The Epidemiology of Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium.
TL;DR: The large-scale application of whole genome sequencing in the last 10 years has revealed the phylogenetic associations of the bacterium and its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and elucidated the role of this zoonotic pathogen in the spread of AMR.
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