SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in an Urban District in Cameroon
Kenechukwu David Nwosu,Joseph Fokam,Franck Wanda,Lucien Mama,Erol Orel,Nicolas Ray,Jeanine Meke,Armel Tassegning,Desire Takou,Eric Mimbe,Beat Stoll,Josselin Guillebert,Eric Comte,Olivia Keiser,Laura Ciaffi +14 more
TLDR
A cross-sectional sero-survey of a random sample of residents of a health district in Yaoundé, Cameroon, conducted from October 14 to November 26, 2020 finds that most of the population had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the importance of continued measures to control viral spread and quick vaccine deployment to protect the vulnerable.Abstract:
Background: The extent of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in many African countries remains unclear, underscoring the need for antibody sero-surveys to accurately assess the cumulative attack rate.
Methods: We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional sero-survey in Cite Verte, a densely-populated district of Yaounde, Cameroon, from October 14 to November 26, 2020. Households were randomly selected from a set of all putative residential buildings in the district, and residents between five and 80 years of age were surveyed. The Abbott Panbio SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgM/IgG rapid antibody test was administered, along with a questionnaire on disease symptoms and health-seeking behavior. Final seroprevalence estimates were adjusted for test accuracy and re-weighted to the city’s age-sex distribution. Random-intercept logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity.
Findings: Of 255 households randomly selected, 180 (70·6%) agreed to participate, yielding a sample of 971 participants. The adjusted seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 29·2% (95%CI 24·3–34·1). Out of the 302 IgG seropositive individuals, the majority (64·2% [58·7–69·4]) did not report any symptoms over the pandemic period, and most (91·1% [87·3–93·8]) did not consult medical care. Significantly greater odds of IgG seropositivity was found for men (OR: 1·61 [95%CI 1·2–2·2]), residents of households with six or more residents (OR: 1·6 [1·1–2·4]; reference: households with three to five residents) and individuals with a BMI above 30 kg/m² (OR: 1·84 [1·1–3·0]; reference: 18·5–24.9 kg/m²).
Interpretation: By November 2020, the cumulative attack rate of COVID-19 was high in this Cameroonian city, about 323 times greater than the 0.09% nationwide attack rate implied by PCR and antigen- confirmed case counts at the time. The predominantly asymptomatic nature of cases may explain the low COVID-19-related healthcare consultation. Despite the high seroprevalence, most of the population has not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, underlining the importance of continued measures to control viral spread and of quick vaccine deployment to protect the vulnerable.
Funding: The UHC Program and Bilateral Health Project in Cameroon of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, the P4H Health Financing Network, and the Canton of Geneva.
Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics Approval Statement: The study protocol obtained the ethical clearance (N°2020/09/1292/CE/CNERSH/SP) and the administrative authorization of the Ministry of Health of Cameroon (N°D30- 845/L/MINSANTE/SG/DROS).read more
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Assessment of Clinical Outcomes Among Children and Adolescents Hospitalized With COVID-19 in 6 Sub-Saharan African Countries
Jean B. Nachega,Nadia A. Sam-Agudu,Rhoderick Machekano,Helena Rabie,Marieke M. van der Zalm,Andrew Redfern,Angela Dramowski,Natasha O'connell,Michel Tshiasuma Pipo,Marc Tshilanda,Liliane N. Byamungu,Refiloe Masekela,Prakash Jeena,Ashendri Pillay,Onesmus Gachuno,John Kinuthia,Daniel Katuashi Ishoso,E. Amoako,E. Agyare,Evans Kofi Agbeno,Charles Martyn-Dickens,Justice Sylverken,Anthony Enimil,Aisha Jibril,Asara M Abdullahi,O.N. Amadi,Umar Mohammed Umar,Lovemore N. Sigwadhi,Michel P. Hermans,John Otshudiema Otokoye,Placide Mbala-Kingebeni,Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum,Alimuddin Zumla,Nelson K. Sewankambo,Hellen T Aanyu,Philippa Musoke,Fatima Suleman,Prisca Olabisi Adejumo,Emilia Virginia Noormahomed,Richard J. Deckelbaum,Mary Glenn Fowler,Léon Tshilolo,Gerald Smith,Edward J Mills,Lawal Waisu Umar,Mark J. Siedner,Mariana Kruger,Philip J. Rosenthal,John W. Mellors,Lynne M. Mofenson +49 more
TL;DR: In this cohort study of 469 children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 in 6 sub-Saharan African countries, morbidity and mortality were substantially higher than reported among those in non-African settings and were independently associated with age younger than 1 year and select noncommunicable disease comorbidities.
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High SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers in Bamako, Mali
Anou M. Somboro,Yacouba Cissoko,Issiaka Camara,Ousmane Kodio,Mohamed Tolofoudie,Etienne Dembele,A. C. G. Togo,Djibril M. Ba,Yeya dit Sadio Sarro,Bocar Baya,Seydou Samake,I. Diallo,Alisha Kumar,Mohamed M. Traore,Bourahima Kone,Amadou Kone,Bassirou Diarra,Djeneba Dabitao,Mamadou Wague,G Dabo,Seydou Doumbia,Jane L. Holl,Robert L. Murphy,Souleymane Diallo,Almoustapha Issiaka Maiga,Mamoudou Maiga,Sounkalo Dao +26 more
TL;DR: Overall, HCWs had high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, likely reflecting a “herd” immunity level, which could be protective at some degrees, and suggest that the low number of cases and deaths among HCWs in Mali is not due to a lack of occupational exposure to the virus but rather related to other factors that need to be investigated.
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High infectious disease burden as a basis for the observed high frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in sub-Saharan Africa.
Kwadwo A. Kusi,Augustina Frimpong,Frederica D. Partey,Helena Lamptey,Linda E. Amoah,Michael F. Ofori +5 more
TL;DR: The most probable reasons for the significantly fewer cases of severe COVID-19 disease and deaths in sub-Saharan Africa are discussed.
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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Khalid Hajissa,Md. Asiful Islam,Siti Asma' Hassan,A.R. Zaidah,Nabilah Ismail,Zeehaida Mohamed +5 more
TL;DR: The finding of this systematic review and meta-analysis may not accurately reflect the true seroprevalence status of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa, hence, further serop revalence studies across Africa are required to assess and monitor the growing COVID-19 burden.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
High infectious disease burden as a basis for the observed high frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in sub-Saharan Africa.
Kwadwo A. Kusi,Augustina Frimpong,Frederica D. Partey,Helena Lamptey,Linda E. Amoah,Michael F. Ofori +5 more
TL;DR: The most probable reasons for the significantly fewer cases of severe COVID-19 disease and deaths in sub-Saharan Africa are discussed.
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