Journal ArticleDOI
Sediment and nutrient retention by freshwater wetlands: effects on surface water quality
TLDR
In this paper, a review summarizes the mechanisms of freshwater wetland interaction with sediment and nutrients that affect surface water quality, including sedimentation, plant uptake, litter decomposition, retention in the soil and microbial processes.Abstract:
Freshwater wetlands alter surface water quality in ways which benefit downstream use. This review summarizes the mechanisms of freshwater wetland interaction with sediment and nutrients that affect surface water quality. The mechanisms vary in magnitude and reversibility, and differ among wetland types. They include sedimentation, plant uptake, litter decomposition, retention in the soil, and microbial processes. Sedimentation is a relatively permanent retention mechanism whereby particulates and associated contaminants are physically deposited on the wetland soil surface. Plant uptake and litter decomposition provide short‐to long‐term retention of nutrients, depending on rates of leaching, translocation to and from storage structures, and the longevity of plant tissues. Plant litter can also provide a substrate for microbial processing of nutrients. Wetland soils sorb nutrients, and provide the environment for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that process nutrients. Wetland storage compartm...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands.
TL;DR: The processes that affect removal and retention of nitrogen during wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands (CWs) are manifold and include NH(3) volatilization, nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, plant and microbial uptake, mineralization, mineralification, nitrate reduction to ammonium, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, fragmentation, sorption, desorption, burial, and leaching.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biogeochemical Hot Spots and Hot Moments at the Interface of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems
Michael E. McClain,Elizabeth W. Boyer,C. Lisa Dent,Sarah E. Gergel,Nancy B. Grimm,Peter M. Groffman,Stephen C. Hart,Judson W. Harvey,Carol A. Johnston,Emilio Mayorga,William H. McDowell,Gilles Pinay +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define biogeochemical hot spots as patches that show disproportionately high reaction rates relative to the surrounding matrix, whereas hot moments occur when episodic hydrological flowpaths reactivate and/or mobilize accumulated reactants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phosphorus Retention in Streams and Wetlands: A Review
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the processes and factors regulating P retention in streams and wetlands and selected methodologies used to estimate P retention are presented, including empirical input-output analysis and mass balances, and process kinetics applied at various scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reducing Nitrogen Loading to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin: Strategies to Counter a Persistent Ecological Problem
William J. Mitsch,John W. Day,J. Wendell Gilliam,Peter M. Groffman,Donald L. Hey,Gyles W. Randall,Naiming Wang +6 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Regional and global concerns over wetlands and water quality
TL;DR: The water purification function of wetlands at the site and catchment scale is discussed and ways in which these disadvantages could be overcome are suggested.
References
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Book
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States
TL;DR: The authors presented the most current methodology available for wetland classification and culminated a long-term effort involving many wetland scientists, which represented the most accurate methodology available in the literature.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Acetylene-Ethylene Assay for N2 Fixation: Laboratory and Field Evaluation
TL;DR: This assay was successfully applied to measurements of N(2) fixation by other symbionts and by free living soil microorganisms, and was also used to assess the effects of light and temperature on the N( 2) fixing activity of soybeans.
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Nutrient dynamics in an agricultural watershed: Observations on the role of a riparian forest
TL;DR: Nutrient removals in the riparian forest are thought to be of ecological significance to receiving waters and indicate that coupling natural systems and managed habitats within a watershed may reduce diffuse-source pollution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetic control of dissolved phosphate in natural rivers and estuaries: A primer on the phosphate buffer mechanism1
TL;DR: The primary mode of interaction of dissolved phosphate with fluvial inorganic suspended particles is via a reversible two-step sorption process as discussed by the authors, which is dependent on the time history of the previous surface sorption and the chemistry of the solid diffusional layer.