Signal Processing in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS): Methodological Differences Lead to Different Statistical Results.
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In this article, the authors investigated how different signal processing approaches (including and excluding approaches that partially correct for the possible signal contamination) affect the results of a typical functional neuroimaging study performed with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).Abstract:
Even though research in the field of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been performed for more than 20 years, consensus on signal processing methods is still lacking. A significant knowledge gap exists between established researchers and those entering the field. One major issue regularly observed in publications from researchers new to the field is the failure to consider possible signal contamination by hemodynamic changes unrelated to neurovascular coupling (i.e., scalp blood flow and systemic blood flow). This might be due to the fact that these researchers use the signal processing methods provided by the manufacturers of their measurement device without an advanced understanding of the performed steps. The aim of the present study was to investigate how different signal processing approaches (including and excluding approaches that partially correct for the possible signal contamination) affect the results of a typical functional neuroimaging study performed with fNIRS. In particular, we evaluated one standard signal processing method provided by a commercial company and compared it to three customized approaches. We thereby investigated the influence of the chosen method on the statistical outcome of a clinical data set (task-evoked motor cortex activity). No short-channels were used in the present study and therefore two types of multi-channel corrections based on multiple long-channels were applied. The choice of the signal processing method had a considerable influence on the outcome of the study. While methods that ignored the contamination of the fNIRS signals by task-evoked physiological noise yielded several significant hemodynamic responses over the whole head, the statistical significance of these findings disappeared when accounting for part of the contamination using a multi-channel regression. We conclude that adopting signal processing methods that correct for physiological confounding effects might yield more realistic results in cases where multi-distance measurements are not possible. Furthermore, we recommend using manufacturers' standard signal processing methods only in case the user has an advanced understanding of every signal processing step performed.read more
Citations
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Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging in Exercise⁻Cognition Science: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review.
TL;DR: This review aims to summarize the current methodological knowledge about fNIRS application in studies measuring the cortical hemodynamic responses during cognitive testing, and in cross-sectional studies accounting for the physical fitness level of their participants.
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Automated Processing of fNIRS Data—A Visual Guide to the Pitfalls and Consequences
Lia Maria Hocke,Ibukunoluwa K. Oni,Chris C. Duszynski,Alex V. Corrigan,Blaise deB. Frederick,Jeff Dunn +5 more
TL;DR: The significant impact of pre- and post-processing choices are shown and it is stressed how important it is to combine data from both hemoglobin species in order to make accurate inferences about the activation site.
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A consensus guide to using functional near-infrared spectroscopy in posture and gait research
Jasmine C. Menant,Inbal Maidan,Lisa Alcock,Emad Al-Yahya,Antonio Cerasa,David J. Clark,Eling D. de Bruin,Sarah Fraser,Vera Gramigna,Dennis Hamacher,Fabian Herold,Roee Holtzer,Meltem Izzetoglu,Shannon B. Lim,Annette Pantall,Paulo H.S. Pelicioni,Sue Peters,Andrea L. Rosso,Rebecca J. St George,Samuel Stuart,Roberta Vasta,Rodrigo Vitório,Anat Mirelman +22 more
TL;DR: This paper is written by a core group of members of the International Society for Posture and Gait Research and posture and gait researchers, all experienced in fNIRS research, with the intent of assisting the research community to lead innovative and impactful fNirS studies in the field of posture andGait, whilst ensuring standardization of research.
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Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in the healthcare industry: A review
Keum-Shik Hong,M. Atif Yaqub +1 more
TL;DR: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a growing neuroimaging modality, has been utilized over the past few decades to understand the neuronal behavior in the brain this article.
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The Potential of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Neurofeedback-A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Best Practice.
Simon H. Kohl,David M. A. Mehler,Michael Lührs,Robert T. Thibault,Kerstin Konrad,Bettina Sorger +5 more
TL;DR: A systematic review and database of fNIRS-neurofeedback studies was provided in this article, synthesizing findings from 22 peer-reviewed studies (including a total of N = 441 participants; 337 healthy, 104 patients).
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