Sociodemographic inequities associated with participation in leisure-time physical activity in sub-Saharan Africa: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Anna Louise Barr,Uttara Partap,Uttara Partap,Elizabeth H. Young,Elizabeth H. Young,Kokou Agoudavi,Naby Balde,Gibson B. Kagaruki,Mary T Mayige,Benjamin Longo-Mbenza,Gerald Mutungi,Omar Mwalim,Chea Stanford Wesseh,Silver Bahendeka,Silver Bahendeka,David Guwatudde,Jutta M Adelin Jorgensen,Pascal Bovet,Ayesha A. Motala,Manjinder S. Sandhu +19 more
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TLDR
In these populations, participation in LTPA was low, and strongly associated with sex, age, education, self-employment and urban residence, which is necessary to enable equitable access to the health and social benefits associated with LTPA.Abstract:
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is an important contributor to total physical activity and the focus of many interventions promoting activity in high-income populations. Little is known about LTPA in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and with expected declines in physical activity due to rapid urbanisation and lifestyle changes we aimed to assess the sociodemographic differences in the prevalence of LTPA in the adult populations of this region to identify potential barriers for equitable participation. A two-step individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted using data collected in SSA through 10 population health surveys that included the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. For each sociodemographic characteristic, the pooled adjusted prevalence and risk ratios (RRs) for participation in LTPA were calculated using the random effects method. Between-study heterogeneity was explored through meta-regression analyses and tests for interaction. Across the 10 populations (N = 26,022), 18.9% (95%CI: 14.3, 24.1; I2 = 99.0%) of adults (≥ 18 years) participated in LTPA. Men were more likely to participate in LTPA compared with women (RR for women: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.32, 0.60; P < 0.001; I2 = 97.5%), while age was inversely associated with participation. Higher levels of education were associated with increased LTPA participation (RR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.55; P = 0.004; I2 = 98.1%), with those living in rural areas or self-employed less likely to participate in LTPA. These associations remained after adjusting for time spent physically active at work or through active travel. In these populations, participation in LTPA was low, and strongly associated with sex, age, education, self-employment and urban residence. Identifying the potential barriers that reduce participation in these groups is necessary to enable equitable access to the health and social benefits associated with LTPA.read more
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Participation in Recreational Physical Activity: Why Do Socioeconomic Groups Differ?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored how influences on recreational physical activity (RPA) were patterned by socioeconomic position and concluded that efforts to increase RPA in the population should include both general and socioeconomically targeted strategies.
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TL;DR: A global summary on the progress of, gaps in and future directions for physical activity research in the following areas are provided: surveillance and trends, correlates and determinants, health outcomes and interventions, programmes and policies.
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TL;DR: The editors suggest that under-representation of lower and middle-income countries in the PA literature is more than ‘just another research gap’, and that with rapid urbanisation in LMICs, often into poverty, it is required to view PA through the ‘lens’ of equity.
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