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Journal ArticleDOI

Solar energy conversion by dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells

Michael Grätzel
- 26 Sep 2005 - 
- Vol. 44, Iss: 20, pp 6841-6851
TLDR
Developing solar cells that are based on the sensitization of mesoscopic oxide films by dyes or quantum dots, and the examples for the first outdoor application of such solar cells will be provided.
Abstract
The quality of human life depends to a large degree on the availability of energy. This is threatened unless renewable energy resources can be developed in the near future. Chemistry is expected to make important contributions to identify environmentally friendly solutions of the energy problem. One attractive strategy discussed in this Forum Article is the development of solar cells that are based on the sensitization of mesoscopic oxide films by dyes or quantum dots. These systems have already reached conversion efficiencies exceeding 11%. The underlying fundamental processes of light harvesting by the sensitizer, heterogeneous electron transfer from the electronically excited chromophore into the conduction band of the semiconductor oxide, and percolative migration of the injected electrons through the mesoporous film to the collector electrode will be described below in detail. A number of research topics will also be discussed, and the examples for the first outdoor application of such solar cells wi...

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Citations
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Book ChapterDOI

Photophysics of Lanthanoid Coordination Compounds

TL;DR: The field of luminescent lanthanoid complexes with organic ligands has literally exploded during the past two decades and presently more than 500 original articles are published annually on the subject as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI

Phthalocyanines: colorful macroheterocyclic sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to use sensitizers with enhanced light-harvesting properties in the red region of the spectrum to improve the excellent efficiencies exhibited by DSSCs based on ruthenium polypyridyl dyes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Challenges in organometallic research – Great opportunity for solar cells and OLEDs

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a critical perspective of the field of optoelectronic research with emphasis on fundamental concepts and current applications, enumerated and illustrated by an example.
Journal ArticleDOI

Synthesis of D-(π-A)2 organic chromophores for dye-sensitized solar cells

TL;DR: In this article, a bi-anchoring donor-π-acceptor (Dπ-A) metal-free organic dyes based on diphenylamine, carbazole as donor, cyano vinyl biphenyl as a π-linker and cyanoacrylic acid, rhodanine-3-acetic acid as acceptor/anchor are synthesized, characterized and used for the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications.
Journal ArticleDOI

Modulare Synthese von funktionellen nanoskaligen Koordinationspolymeren

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the Masstabsverkleinerung in den Nanometerbereich zu breiten Anwendungsmoglichkeiten fuhrt.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a photovoltaic cell, created from low-to medium-purity materials through low-cost processes, which exhibits a commercially realistic energy-conversion efficiency.
Journal Article

Photoelectrochemical cells : Materials for clean energy

Michael Grätzel
- 01 Jan 2001 - 
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors look into the historical background, and present status and development prospects for photoelectrochemical cells, based on nanocrystalline materials and conducting polymer films.
Journal ArticleDOI

Conversion of light to electricity by cis-X2bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II) charge-transfer sensitizers (X = Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, and SCN-) on nanocrystalline titanium dioxide electrodes

TL;DR: Cis-X 2 Bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II) complexes were prepared and characterized with respct to their absorption, luminescence, and redox behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI

Solid-state dye-sensitized mesoporous TiO2 solar cells with high photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies

TL;DR: A dye-sensitized heterojunction of TiO2 with the amorphous organic hole-transport material 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9′-spirobifluorene (OMeTAD) was described in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI

Efficient photodiodes from interpenetrating polymer networks

TL;DR: In this paper, the interpenetrating network formed from a phase-segregated mixture of two semiconducting polymers is shown to provide both the spatially distributed interfaces necessary for efficient charge photo-generation, and the means for separately collecting the electrons and holes.
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