Journal ArticleDOI
Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Urban Atmosphere: A Comparison of Three Methods
Randolph K. Larsen,Joel E. Baker +1 more
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TLDR
The sources of PAHs to ambient air in Baltimore, MD, were determined by using three source apportionment methods, principal component analysis with multiple linear regression, UNMIX, and positive matrix factorization.Abstract:
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants in urban atmospheres. Several PAHs are known carcinogens or are the precursors to carcinogenic daughter compounds. Understanding the contributions of the various emission sources is critical to appropriately managing PAH levels in the environment. The sources of PAHs to ambient air in Baltimore, MD, were determined by using three source apportionment methods, principal component analysis with multiple linear regression, UNMIX, and positive matrix factorization. Determining the source apportionment through multiple techniques mitigates weaknesses in individual methods and strengthens the overlapping conclusions. Overall source contributions compare well among methods. Vehicles, both diesel and gasoline, contribute on average 16−26%, coal 28−36%, oil 15−23%, and wood/other having the greatest disparity of 23−35% of the total (gas- plus particle-phase) PAHs. Seasonal trends were found for both coal and oil. Coal was the dominate PAH source dur...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Woodsmoke Health Effects: A Review
Luke P. Naeher,Michael Brauer,Michael Lipsett,Judith T. Zelikoff,Christopher D. Simpson,Jane Q. Koenig,Kirk R. Smith +6 more
TL;DR: This review examines the chemical and physical nature of woodsmoke; the exposures and epidemiology of smoke from wildland fires and agricultural burning, and related controlled human laboratory exposures to biomass smoke; the Epidemiology of outdoor and indoor woodsm smoke exposures from residential woodburning in developed countries; and the toxicology of woodSmoke, based on animal exposures and laboratory tests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interpretation of organic components from Positive Matrix Factorization of aerosol mass spectrometric data
TL;DR: In this paper, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify and interpret the organic aerosol (OA) data from an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (Q-AMS) collected at the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS) in September 2002.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: A review
Pallavi Pant,Roy M. Harrison +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the nature of the particle emissions from road vehicles including both exhaust and non-exhaust (abrasion and re-suspension sources) and briefly reviewed the various methods available for quantification of the road traffic contribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene.
Ulrich Pöschl,Manabu Shiraiwa +1 more
TL;DR: This work addresses air contaminants and their multiphase chemical interactions at the atmosphere−biosphere interface, including human lungs and skin, plant leaves, cryptogamic covers, soil, and aquatic surfaces, and the chemical interactions of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, as well as carbonaceous combustion aerosols.
Journal ArticleDOI
Source specificity and atmospheric processing of airborne PAHs: Implications for source apportionment
TL;DR: In this article, a review examines two of the assumptions necessary for conventional ratio- or profile-based source apportionment methods to be valid for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Least squares formulation of robust non-negative factor analysis
TL;DR: Positive matrix factorization (PMF) is a recently published factor analytic technique where the left and right factor matrices (corresponding to scores and loadings) are constrained to non-negative values as mentioned in this paper.
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Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers
James J. Schauer,Wolfgang F. Rogge,Wolfgang F. Rogge,Lynn M. Hildemann,Lynn M. Hildemann,Monica A. Mazurek,Glen R. Cass,Bernd R.T. Simoneit +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a chemical mass balance receptor model based on organic compounds was developed that relates sours; contributions to airborne fine particle mass concentrations and revealed source contributions to the concentrations of specific organic compounds.
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Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Collected from an Urban Location in Birmingham, U.K.
TL;DR: In this paper, a seasonal sampling campaign was undertaken at an urban location in Birmingham, U.K., in which high-volume samplers were used to collect particulate and vapor-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by means of filter papers and polyurethane foam plugs.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons : sources, fate and behavior
TL;DR: A review of the sources, fate and behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the atmosphere is presented in this article, where the authors assess the sources and behaviour of PAH.
Journal ArticleDOI
Source apportionment and source/sink relationships of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan
TL;DR: In this article, multivariate statistical techniques were used to investigate source apportionment and source/sink relationships for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the urban and adjacent coastal atmosphere of Chicago/ Lake Michigan in 1994-1995.