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Sports Specialization in Young Athletes Evidence-Based Recommendations

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TLDR
For most sports, there is no evidence that intense training and specialization before puberty are necessary to achieve elite status and such intense training in a single sport to the exclusion of others should be delayed until late adolescence to optimize success while minimizing injury, psychological stress, and burnout.
Abstract
Context:Sports specialization is intense training in 1 sport while excluding others. Sports specialization in early to middle childhood has become increasingly common. While most experts agree that...

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Overuse Injuries and Burnout in Youth Sports: APositionStatementfromtheAmericanMedicalSocietyfor Sports Medicine

TL;DR: This review aims to provide a systematic, evidenced-based review that will assist clinicians in recognising young athletes at risk for overuse injuries and burnout, andelineate the risk factors and injuries unique to the skeletally immature young athlete.
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Overuse injuries and burnout in youth sports: a position statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine.

TL;DR: This report will review what is currently known about the epidemiology and risk factors associated with overuse injuries and burnout in young athletes and highlight those that may pose management challenges or lead to long-term consequences.
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Sports-Specialized Intensive Training and the Risk of Injury in Young Athletes A Clinical Case-Control Study

TL;DR: There is an independent risk of injury and serious overuse injury in young athletes who specialize in a single sport, and injured young athletes were older and spent more hours per week in organized sports.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance.

TL;DR: A theoretical framework is proposed that explains expert performance in terms of acquired characteristics resulting from extended deliberate practice and that limits the role of innate (inherited) characteristics to general levels of activity and emotionality.
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Risk Factors for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers

TL;DR: The factors with the strongest associations with injury were overuse and fatigue, and high pitch velocity and participation in showcases were also associated with increased risk for injury.
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Sport-Specific Practice and the Development of Expert Decision-Making in Team Ball Sports

TL;DR: The role of sport-specific practice in the development of decision-making expertise in the sports of field hockey, netball, and basketball was examined in this article, where 15 expert decision-makers and 13 experienced non-expert athletes provided detailed information about the quantity and type of sportspecific and other related practice activities they had undertaken throughout their careers.
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Team Sports and the Theory of Deliberate Practice

TL;DR: In this paper, international, national, and provincial soccer and field hockey players recall the amount of time they spent in individual and team practice, sport-related activities, and everyday activities at the start of their career and every 3 years since.
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Burnout in Competitive Junior Tennis Players: I. A Quantitative Psychological Assessment

TL;DR: In this paper, the first phase of a large-scale research project designed to examine burnout in competitive junior tennis players was conducted, and the results revealed that burned out players had higher burnout scores, less input into training, were more likely to have played high school tennis, played up in age division, played fewer days, were lower in external motivation, were higher in amotivation, reported being more withdrawn, differed on a variety of perfectionism subscales, were less likely to use planning coping strategies, and were lower on positive interpretation and growth coping.
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