Overuse Injuries and Burnout in Youth Sports: APositionStatementfromtheAmericanMedicalSocietyfor Sports Medicine
John P. DiFiori,Holly J. Benjamin,Joel S. Brenner,Andrew Gregory,Neeru Jayanthi,Greg Landry,Anthony Luke +6 more
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TLDR
This review aims to provide a systematic, evidenced-based review that will assist clinicians in recognising young athletes at risk for overuse injuries and burnout, andelineate the risk factors and injuries unique to the skeletally immature young athlete.Abstract:
### Background
Youth sport participation offers many benefits including the development of self-esteem, peer socialisation and general fitness. However, an emphasis on competitive success, often driven by goals of elite-level travel team selection, collegiate scholarships, Olympic and National team membership and even professional contracts, has seemingly become widespread. This has resulted in an increased pressure to begin high-intensity training at young ages. Such an excessive focus on early intensive training and competition at young ages rather than skill development can lead to overuse injury and burnout.
### Purpose
To provide a systematic, evidenced-based review that will (1) assist clinicians in recognising young athletes at risk for overuse injuries and burnout; (2)delineate the risk factors and injuries that are unique to the skeletally immature young athlete; (3) describe specific high-risk overuse injuries that present management challenges and/or can lead to long-term health consequences; (4) summarise the risk factors and symptoms associated with burnout in young athletes; (5)provide recommendations on overuse injury prevention.
### Methodology
Medical Subject Headings (MeSHs) and text words were searched on 26 March 2012 from MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The search yielded 953 unique articles. Additional articles were found using cross-referencing. The process was repeated on 10 July 2013 to review any new articles since the original search. Screening by the authors yielded a total of 208 relevant sources that were used for this article. Recommendations were classified using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) grading system.
### Definition of overuse injury
Overuse injuries occur due to repetitive submaximal loading of the musculoskeletal system when rest is not adequate to allow for structural adaptation to take place. Injury can involve the muscle-tendon unit, bone, bursa, neurovascular structures and the physis. Overuse injuries unique to young athletes include apophyseal injuries and physeal stress injuries.
### Epidemiology
It is estimated that 27 million US youth between 6 and 18 years of age participate in …read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness
Martin Schwellnus,Torbjørn Soligard,Juan-Manuel Alonso,Roald Bahr,Roald Bahr,Ben Clarsen,H Paul Dijkstra,Tim J. Gabbett,Michael Gleeson,Martin Hägglund,Mark R. Hutchinson,Christa Janse van Rensburg,Romain Meeusen,John Orchard,Babette M Pluim,Martin Raftery,Richard Budgett,Lars Engebretsen,Lars Engebretsen,Lars Engebretsen +19 more
TL;DR: An expert group to review the scientific evidence for the relationship of load and health outcomes in sport provides athletes, coaches and support staff with practical guidelines to manage load in sport.
Journal ArticleDOI
Monitoring the athlete training response: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures: a systematic review.
TL;DR: This review provides further support for practitioners to use subjective measures to monitor changes in athlete well-being in response to training, and reflects acute and chronic training loads with superior sensitivity and consistency than objective measures.
Journal ArticleDOI
International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development
Michael F. Bergeron,Margo Mountjoy,Neil Armstrong,Michael Chia,Jean Côté,Carolyn A. Emery,Avery D. Faigenbaum,Gary Hall,Susi Kriemler,Michel Leglise,Robert M. Malina,Anne Marte Pensgaard,Alex Sanchez,Torbjørn Soligard,Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen,Willem van Mechelen,Juanita R. Weissensteiner,Lars Engebretsen +17 more
TL;DR: The IOC critically evaluated the current state of science and practice of youth athlete development and presented recommendations for developing healthy, resilient and capable youth athletes, while providing opportunities for all levels of sport participation and success.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sports-Specialized Intensive Training and the Risk of Injury in Young Athletes A Clinical Case-Control Study
Neeru Jayanthi,Cynthia R. LaBella,Cynthia R. LaBella,Daniel Fischer,Jacqueline Pasulka,Lara R. Dugas +5 more
TL;DR: There is an independent risk of injury and serious overuse injury in young athletes who specialize in a single sport, and injured young athletes were older and spent more hours per week in organized sports.
Journal ArticleDOI
National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Long-Term Athletic Development.
Rhodri S. Lloyd,John B. Cronin,Avery D. Faigenbaum,G. Gregory Haff,Rick Howard,William J. Kraemer,Lyle J. Micheli,Gregory D. Myer,Jon L. Oliver +8 more
TL;DR: A list of 10 pillars of successful long-term athletic development are presented, which summarize the key recommendations detailed within the NSCA position statement.
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International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development
Michael F. Bergeron,Margo Mountjoy,Neil Armstrong,Michael Chia,Jean Côté,Carolyn A. Emery,Avery D. Faigenbaum,Gary Hall,Susi Kriemler,Michel Leglise,Robert M. Malina,Anne Marte Pensgaard,Alex Sanchez,Torbjørn Soligard,Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen,Willem van Mechelen,Juanita R. Weissensteiner,Lars Engebretsen +17 more