Journal ArticleDOI
State-of-the-art crowd motion simulation models
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TLDR
This paper provides a broad, but not exhaustive overview of the crowd motion simulation models of the last decades and argues that any model used for crowd simulation should be able to simulate most of the phenomena indicated in this paper.Abstract:
Currently, pedestrian simulation models are used to predict where, when and why hazardous high density crowd movements arise. However, it is questionable whether models developed for low density situations can be used to simulate high density crowd movements. The objective of this paper is to assess the existent pedestrian simulation models with respect to known crowd phenomena in order to ascertain whether these models can indeed be used for the simulation of high density crowds and to indicate any gaps in the field of pedestrian simulation modeling research. This paper provides a broad, but not exhaustive overview of the crowd motion simulation models of the last decades. It is argued that any model used for crowd simulation should be able to simulate most of the phenomena indicated in this paper. In the paper cellular automata, social force models, velocity-based models, continuum models, hybrid models, behavioral models and network models are discussed. The comparison shows that the models can roughly be divided into slow but highly precise microscopic modeling attempts and very fast but behaviorally questionable macroscopic modeling attempts. Both sets of models have their use, which is highly dependent on the application the model has originally been developed for. Yet, for practical applications, that need both precision and speed, the current pedestrian simulation models are inadequate.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Optimising crowd evacuations: Mathematical, architectural and behavioural approaches
TL;DR: This work is a systematic review of optimisation methods for pedestrian evacuations that seek to improve evacuation efficiency rather than efforts to purely describe/predict evacuations, and identifies possible and most effective areas of behavioural intervention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emergent Structural Mechanisms for High-Density Collective Motion Inspired by Human Crowds.
TL;DR: This analysis takes an approach developed for jammed granular media and identifies Goldstone modes, soft spots, and stochastic resonance as structurally driven mechanisms for potentially dangerous emergent collective motion.
Journal ArticleDOI
EXPOSED: An occupant exposure model for confined spaces to retrofit crowd models during a pandemic
Enrico Ronchi,Ruggiero Lovreglio +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown how crowd modelling can be used to assess occupant exposure in confined spaces based on the analysis of microscopic people movement to allow policy makers to perform informed decisions concerning building usage during a pandemic.
Journal ArticleDOI
A dynamic network loading model for anisotropic and congested pedestrian flows
Flurin Hänseler,Flurin Hänseler,William H. K. Lam,Michel Bierlaire,Gael Lederrey,Marija Nikolic +5 more
TL;DR: The explicit modeling of anisotropy in walking speed is shown to significantly improve the ability of the model to reproduce empirically observed walking time distributions.
Journal ArticleDOI
A multiagent-based model for pedestrian simulation in subway stations
TL;DR: A multiagent-based model is proposed on the basis of the metamodel proposed by Behe, which includes the subway station environment abstraction model, three-level pedestrian agent model and interactive rule base, and uses the object-oriented modeling method to realize a normative, extensible and flexible simulation environment building platform.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics
Dirk Helbing,Péter Molnár +1 more
TL;DR: Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simulating dynamical features of escape panic
TL;DR: A model of pedestrian behaviour is used to investigate the mechanisms of panic and jamming by uncoordinated motion in crowds, and an optimal strategy for escape from a smoke-filled room is found, involving a mixture of individualistic behaviour and collective ‘herding’ instinct.
Journal ArticleDOI
Traffic and related self-driven many-particle systems
Dirk Helbing,Dirk Helbing +1 more
TL;DR: This article considers the empirical data and then reviews the main approaches to modeling pedestrian and vehicle traffic, including microscopic (particle-based), mesoscopic (gas-kinetic), and macroscopic (fluid-dynamic) models.
Book
Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order
TL;DR: For instance, the authors argues that the way strangers relate in public is part of a design by which friends and acquaintances manage their relationship in the presence of bystanders, and argues that, taken together, this forms part of an inquiry into the rules for co-mingling, or public order.