Journal ArticleDOI
State-of-the-art crowd motion simulation models
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TLDR
This paper provides a broad, but not exhaustive overview of the crowd motion simulation models of the last decades and argues that any model used for crowd simulation should be able to simulate most of the phenomena indicated in this paper.Abstract:
Currently, pedestrian simulation models are used to predict where, when and why hazardous high density crowd movements arise. However, it is questionable whether models developed for low density situations can be used to simulate high density crowd movements. The objective of this paper is to assess the existent pedestrian simulation models with respect to known crowd phenomena in order to ascertain whether these models can indeed be used for the simulation of high density crowds and to indicate any gaps in the field of pedestrian simulation modeling research. This paper provides a broad, but not exhaustive overview of the crowd motion simulation models of the last decades. It is argued that any model used for crowd simulation should be able to simulate most of the phenomena indicated in this paper. In the paper cellular automata, social force models, velocity-based models, continuum models, hybrid models, behavioral models and network models are discussed. The comparison shows that the models can roughly be divided into slow but highly precise microscopic modeling attempts and very fast but behaviorally questionable macroscopic modeling attempts. Both sets of models have their use, which is highly dependent on the application the model has originally been developed for. Yet, for practical applications, that need both precision and speed, the current pedestrian simulation models are inadequate.read more
Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
The effect of instructional priming on postural responses to virtual crowds
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of instructional priming on postural responses to virtual crowds using a headset-based virtual reality platform was studied and the results indicated that manipulation of instructions to participants with the intent of impacting pre-exposure expectations may be used to increase engagement with virtual crowds.
How to calibrate a pedestrian simulation model: An investigation into how the choices of scenarios and metrics influence the calibration
TL;DR: It was concluded that it matters what scenarios and metrics are included during the calibration of pedestrian simulation models and that one should calibrate a pedestrian model based on its intended usage.
Book ChapterDOI
Multiscale Modeling by Time-Evolving Measures
TL;DR: This chapter is devoted to a multiscale approach to the modeling of crowd dynamics, which is the core topic of the book and presents a general measure-based modeling framework suitable to include the basic features of pedestrian kinematics at any scale.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Computational Paradigm of Cellular Automata in Crowd Evacuation
TL;DR: Several CA models for crowd evacuation focusing on different modeling principles, like potential fields techniques, obstacle avoidance, follow the leader principles, grouping and queuing theory, long memory effects, etc are presented in this paper and some anticipative crowd management systems based on CAs are shown when operating on medium density crowd evacuation for indoor and outdoor environments.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics
Dirk Helbing,Péter Molnár +1 more
TL;DR: Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simulating dynamical features of escape panic
TL;DR: A model of pedestrian behaviour is used to investigate the mechanisms of panic and jamming by uncoordinated motion in crowds, and an optimal strategy for escape from a smoke-filled room is found, involving a mixture of individualistic behaviour and collective ‘herding’ instinct.
Journal ArticleDOI
Traffic and related self-driven many-particle systems
Dirk Helbing,Dirk Helbing +1 more
TL;DR: This article considers the empirical data and then reviews the main approaches to modeling pedestrian and vehicle traffic, including microscopic (particle-based), mesoscopic (gas-kinetic), and macroscopic (fluid-dynamic) models.
Book
Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order
TL;DR: For instance, the authors argues that the way strangers relate in public is part of a design by which friends and acquaintances manage their relationship in the presence of bystanders, and argues that, taken together, this forms part of an inquiry into the rules for co-mingling, or public order.